纤维强化陶瓷复合材料的电火花加工

EDM of Ceramic Matrix Composite with Fiber Reinforcement

陶瓷基复合材料密度低,在高温下仍保持高强度,被认为是下一代先进的航空航天材料,但对其加工却十分困难。采用电火花方法加工一种连续陶瓷纤维强化陶瓷基复合材料,并比较排屑条件对加工性能的影响。为深入研究加工工艺,使用正交试验研究了极间电压、峰值电流、脉宽和占空比等工艺参数对材料去除率的影响,同时进行了方差分析。通过分析预测了最优加工条件,并通过试验进行验证。结果表明:采用电介质深冲的电火花加工可促进排屑,材料去除率提高了约80%;采用高极间电压和小占空比可显著提高加工效率。试验还发现这类复合材料电火花的主要去除方式是基体材料热扩散导致的裂纹和绝缘纤维的断裂。

Ceramic matrix composites （CMC） are considered the next generation of advanced materials used in space and aviation due to their high-temperature strength and low density. However, these materials are difficult to process. Electrical discharge machining （EDM） was used to process a CMC with continuous ceramic fiber reinforcement. Electrode vibration and dielectric deep flushing were used to promote debris evacuation. Gap voltage,peak current,pulse duration and duty ratio were studied using design of experiments for deeper understanding of the process. The effect of these parameters on material removal rate was investigated, and an analysis of variance was conducted. The optimal condition was also predicted and experimentally validated. It was found that a high gap voltage or low duty ratio leads to a high machining rate due to improved debris evacuation efficiency. The material removal mechanism was found to be cracking due to thermal expansion of the matrix and breakage of the nonconductive fibers.