延迟关胸技术在小儿复杂先天性心脏病手术中的应用

Application of delayed sternal closure in surgery for children with complex congenital heart disease

目的：探讨延迟关胸技术在小儿复杂先天性心脏病手术中的应用价值。方法小儿复杂先天性心脏病术后延迟关胸79例，其中大动脉调转（Switch）术36例，法洛四联症（TOF）根治术25例，完全肺静脉异位引流（TAPVC）矫治术7例，心室内隧道外管道（Rastelli）术3例，姑息右室流出道疏通术2例，主动脉移植（Nikaidoh）术2例，双向上腔肺动脉连接（Gleen）术1例，主动脉弓部成形术2例，主肺动脉窗修补术1例。结果延迟关胸术后出现心肌水肿36例（45.57%），急性肾功能损害28例（35.44%），肺部感染28例（35.44%），创面严重出血22例（27.85%），肺部出血12例（15.19%），急性肝功能损害8例（10.13%），高度房室传导阻滞5例（6.33%），泌尿道感染2例（2.53%），灌注肺、深静脉血栓、麻痹性肠梗阻、膈肌麻痹、颅内高压、乳糜胸均1例（1.27%）。胸骨敞开时间平均为（62.2±9.3）h，73例（92.41%）成功延迟关胸并痊愈出院，6例（7.59%）死亡。结论延迟关胸术是一种帮助术后止血困难，度过术后心肌水肿高峰期、预防术后低心排综合征的简单、安全而有效的解决方法，并未增加伤口感染。

Objective To discuss the application value of delayed sternal closure in surgery for children with complex congenital heart disease. Methods A total of 79 children with complex congenital heart disease accepted delayed sternal closure after operations,including 36 cases of Switch operation,25 cases of TOF surgery,7 cases of TAPVC,3 cases of Rastelli operation,2 cases of palliative reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract,2 cases of Nikaidoh operation,1 case of bidirectional Glenn operation,2 cases of aortic arch plasty and 1 case of aortopulmonary window repair. Results After delayed sternal clo-sure,there were 36 cases（45. 57% ）of myocardial tissue edema,28 cases（35. 44% ）of acute renal dam-age,28 cases（35. 44% ）lung infection,22 cases（27. 85% ）of severe wound bleeding,12 cases（15. 19% ） cases of pulmonary hemorrhage,8 cases（10. 13% ）of acute liver damage,5 cases of high grade A-V block （6. 33% ）,2 cases（2. 53% ）of urinary tract infection and 1 case（1. 27% ）in each of perfusion lung,deep vein thrombosis,paralytic ileus,diaphragmatic paralysis,intracranial hypertension and chylothorax. The av-erage open time of the sternum was（62. 2 ± 9. 3）h. There were 73 cases（92. 41% ）of successful delay sternal closure and 6 cases（7. 59% ）of death. Conclusion Delayed sternal closure is a simple,safe and effective solution for postoperative bleeding,myocardial edema,low cardiac output syndrome while does not increase the incidence of wound infection.