生物活性多肽与肾脏疾病

Roles of bioactive polypeptides in kidney diseases

小分子活性物质按照它们内在联系可以归结为生物活性多肽"家系"、单氨酸"家系"、气体信号分子"家系"等多个"家系"。其中单氨酸家系的代表是同型半胱氨酸;气体信号分子家系的代表是一氧化氮、一氧化碳和硫化氢;而生物活性多肽家系最大,如脑型钠尿肽、肾上腺髓质素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、生长素(又称胃饥饿素)、尾加压素Ⅱ(UⅡ)以及脂肪细胞因子如脂联素、瘦素,抵抗素,还有爱帕琳肽以及新近认识的肌肉因子鸢尾素,该家系在肾脏疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、高血压及动脉粥样硬化中起到重要作用,具有多种生物学效应。本文主要介绍胃饥饿素、尾加压素Ⅱ、抵抗素、爱帕琳及鸢尾素在肾脏疾病中的作用。

Bioactive small molecules, according to their internal relationships, are classified into many families such as active polypeptide family, single amino acid family, and gaseous signal molecules family, etc. Among them, the representative of the single amino acid family is homocysteine; the representatives of the gaseous signal family are nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide ; while the largest families are active polypeptide family and lipid family, including brain natriuretic peptide, adrenomedullin （ADM）, angiotensin Ⅱ, auxin （also called ghrelin ）, urotensin Ⅱ （U Ⅱ ）, and adipocytokines such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, as well as apelin peptide, and the newly-discovered muscle factor irisin which has many biological effects and plays important roles in kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this paper, we have reviewed the roles of ghrelin, urotensin Ⅱ, resistin, apelin peptide, and irisin in kidney diseases.