机动车排放对城市光化学烟雾形成的影响

Influence of Vehicle Exhaust on Production of Cities Photochemical Smog

在系统分析机动车排放特征污染物及其对城市大气环境污染贡献的基础上,采用光化学烟雾形成反应动力学模型,模拟了我国典型大气污染型城市兰州、广州的光化学烟雾污染状况及其发展趋势,分析了机动车排放变化对城市光化学烟雾特征污染物形成的影响。模拟结果显示,广州市光化学烟雾污染较兰州市严重,但随着兰州市机动车保有量的增加,其光化学烟雾污染特征污染物臭氧和过氧乙酰硝酸酯浓度将会显著增加。研究表明,在我国城市大气非甲烷碳氢化合物背景浓度较高的条件下,可通过低碳城市计划等节能减排措施实现城市区域碳排放控制,进而大幅度降低城市大气中非甲烷碳氢化合物浓度含量,但对机动车排放的氮氧化物做不到有效控制,城市光化学烟雾污染还是会明显加重。

Based on the system analysis of vehicle exhaust particular pollutants and its proportion that make toward cities at- mospheric environment pollution, the chemical kinetics model of photochemical smog formation is used to simulate the cur- rent situation of photochemical smog pollution and development trend between Lanzhou and Guangzhou which are Chinese typical polluted cities of chemicals and motor vehicles respectively, and the impact from vehicle exhaust toward urban photo- chemical smog characteristic pollutants, including ozone and Peroxyacetyl nitrates, are analyzed. Several conclusions have been drawn in accordance with the results of simulation. The results show that the photochemical smog contamination in Guangzhou were terrible than Lanzhou, however with the development of economy and community the motor vehicle amount ought to he increased rapidly in Lanzhou, so the photochemical smog pollution in Lanzhou will be intensified evidently. The research also found that while the Non-methane hydrocarbons background concentration is very high in our cities, if the Non- methane hydrocarbons concentration had been reduced significantly by the methods of energy-saving and emission reduction in urban area but the nitrogen oxides discharged from motor vehicle could not be controlled effectively, cities photochemical smog pollution still will be increased significantly.