复合微生物接种剂替代部分化肥对豌豆间作玉米的促生效应

Partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by compound microbial inoculant and potential for promoting growth of intercropped Zea mays and Pisum sativum

通过测定16株供试菌株的固氮酶活性、溶磷量、分泌生长激素能力以及拮抗病原菌特性,筛选出5株优良促生菌,将其与1株豌豆根瘤菌(ACCC 16101)制成复合微生物接种剂,进行田间小区试验,研究复合微生物接种剂替代部分化肥对豌豆间作玉米体系生长状况及产量的影响。结果表明,复合微生物接种剂在210d的储存期内有效活菌数均大于3.0×109 cfu/mL,符合《微生物肥料》标准(NY227-94)。与使用100%化肥相比,制成的复合微生物接种剂替代20%化肥后,豌豆成熟期的根长增加3.18cm(P<0.05),豌豆盛花期和成熟期的根系干重分别增加0.88和2.39g(P<0.05),豌豆单株结荚数、单荚粒数、单株粒重、籽粒产量分别增加1.2个、0.5个、0.63g、0.64t/hm2(P<0.05);玉米开花期株高增长8.91cm(P<0.05),玉米穗重、籽粒产量分别提高4.33t/hm2、1.87t/hm2(P<0.05)。复合微生物接种剂替代20%化肥使豌豆、玉米分别增收972.00元/hm2、3835.05元/hm2。

In recent years, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） have become one of the most attrac tive strategies for the development of sustainable agricultural systems due to their eco-friendly nature, reduced consumption of non-renewable resources and lower cost. In order to investigate the effect of inoculant on growth and yield of intercropped Zea mays and Pisum sativum, five superior PGPR were screened by compre- hensively analyzin pacity and ability g nitrogenase activity, phosphate dissolving activity, 3-indoleacetic acid （IAA） secreting ca to antagonise pathogens. The compound microbial inoculant was produced by mixing these five strains with a rhizobia strain （ACCC 16101） investigate the effects of the compound microbial from P. sativum. A field plot experiment was conducted to inoculant on growth and yield of intereropped Z. mays and P.sativum. The showing （NY227-94）. viable count of compound microbial inoculant after 210 d storage was greater than 3.0× 10^9 cfu/ the quality of this inoculant complied with the standard for microbiological fertilizer of China When the inoculant was applied in combination with 80% of the normal rate of chemical fertiliz- er, the root length of P. sativum at maturity was increased significantly （P〈0.05） by 3.18 cm, and the root dry weight at full-bloom growth stage and maturity were increased by 0.88 and 2.39 g, respectively. The pod number per plant, seed number per pod, seed weight per plant and yield of P. sativum at maturity were in- creased significantly by 1.2 pods, 0.5 seeds, 0.63 g and 0.64 t/ha, respectively. The plant height of Z. mays at the flowering stage was increased （P〈0.05） by 8.91 cm, while the cob weight and grain yield of Z. mays atmaturity were increased significantly by 4.33 t/ha and 1.87 t/ha, respectively. From these data it can be calcu- lated that applying the compound microbial inoculant to replace 20% of the chemical fertilizer normally used would increase the income from P. sativum by 972.00 yuan/ha and Z. mays by 3835.05 yuan/ha. Thus, tial fertilizer replacement with PGPR reduced the environmental impact of intercropped maize and peas b pary reducing consumption of non-renewable energy and protecting the agricultural environment, while also improvingthe food security.