马致远曲作中的佛学意蕴

On the Buddhist Connotation in Ma Zhiyuan's Works

马致远的曲作深深打上了古代文人惯有的儒、释、道三教融合的思想特征,但学界历来重视阐论其作品中的儒、道思想,而对其佛家意蕴则关注不够。笔者通过对马致远曲作的细读,发现马致远有着对佛教教义如苦、缘起、无常、空、心、顿悟等的体悟,由此也使其曲作具有了更为丰厚的思想内蕴。然而,这并不意味着马致远的理想是遁入空门,而多半与他的道家思想一样,不过是在儒家入世进取理想落空之后的心理调适而已。

The ideologies of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,by which the ancient intellectuals were often influenced,were noticeably integrated in Ma Zhiyuan＇s works. However,Confucianism and Taoism in his works are far more studied than Buddhism in the academic circle. An intensive reading of Ma Zhiyuan＇s works leads to the author＇s discovery that Ma Zhiyuan＇s works were loaded with rich ideological connotation because of his insight into Buddhist doctrines like bitterness,origin,impermanence,emptiness,nature and revelation. However,this is not a reflecation of Zhiyuan＇s desire of disconnection to the mundane world. It is merely an psychological adaption he made after he failed in his Confucian ideal of entering society.