自闭症谱系障碍诊断标准:演变、影响与展望

On the Evolution,Effect and Prospect of ASD Diagnostic Criteria

美国精神医学学会组织出版的DSM是目前使用最广泛的精神类障碍诊断标准之一,为基础与临床神经科学、认知与行为科学以及残疾研究等领域的工作者对包括自闭症谱系障碍在内的广泛性发育障碍的诊断提供了重要依据。新版DSM-5有关自闭症谱系障碍标准的变化主要体现在障碍分类合并、诊断标准简化以及依障碍程度划分等三方面。对自闭症谱系障碍患病率、临床研究以及教育及相关社会服务等方面产生了一定的影响。而纳入社会——心理性因素的考量、与ICD-11的兼容互补以及DSM本土化则可能是未来DSM系列研究的主要推进方向。

The DSM （Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ） published by the American Psy- chiatric Association, one of the most widely used diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders, provides an impor- tant basis for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） and other pervasive developmental disorders in such fields as the basic and clinical neuroscience, cognitive and behavioral science, and disability research. This study briefly introduces the evolution of the diagnostic criteria for ASD in the DSM-5, which have a certain effect on ASD prevalence, clinical research, education and related social services. The study concludes that socio-psy- chological factors, the compatibility with the ICD-11, and the localization of DSM, are likely to become the future trend of the research into the DSM.