生物防腐剂纳他霉素生物合成途径及调控机制的研究进展

Research progress on biological preservative natamycin biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism

纳他霉素是由链霉菌发酵产生的次级代谢产物,是一种高效、广谱、安全的二十六元多烯大环内酯类真菌抑制剂,作为新型的生物防腐剂被广泛的应用于食品与医药领域中,但目前较低的发酵水平造成了生产成本较高,限制了其进一步的使用。重点介绍了纳他霉素生物合成的基因基础、多烯大环内酯合成过程及其修饰过程的最新研究进展,揭示了纳他霉素的生物合成基因簇长度约110kb,包含19个基因,包括编码纳他霉素二十六元环的5个聚酮合酶基因(pim S0-pim S4)、10个修饰和转运蛋白及4个调控因子。结合实验室的研究,就前体和真菌诱导子的添加对纳他霉素生物合成的影响进行了系统分析,包括前体和真菌诱导子对纳他霉素生物合成的促进作用及作用机理的研究,最后对纳他霉素的胞外调节途径进行了展望。

Natamycin,a secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces fermentation,is an efficient,broad-spectrum and safe 26 carbon- ring antifungal antibiotic,It is a new type of biological preservatives widely used in food and medicine field. However,the low fermentation level of natamycin leads to higher production cost. Thus limit its further usage. This article reviews the recent development of gene base,the process of polyene macrocyclic polyketide biosynthesis and modification during natamycin biosynthesis. Natamycin biosynthesis gene cluster is about 110 kb containing 19 genes encoding 5 polyketide synthases gene（pim S0- pim S4）,10 modifying proteins and transporters,and 4 regulators. Combining with the lab research,the influence of precursors and fungal elicitors on the natamycin biosynthesis including the research of precursors and fungal elicitor on promoting effect and mechanism of natamycin biosynthesis is systematic analyzed. Finally the extracellular regulated pathway of natamycin is prospected.