尾矿坝溃决机理与溃坝过程研究进展

Advances in studies of tailing dam break mechanism and process

尾矿库是维持矿山生产的重要设施,同时也是矿山的重大危险源,开展尾矿坝溃决机理与溃坝过程研究对于提升我国尾矿库防灾减灾水平具有重要意义。分析比较了尾矿坝与挡水土石坝在溃决机理与溃坝致灾过程方面的区别和联系,总结了尾矿坝在坝体形式、填筑方式、坝料组成和溃决机制等方面的特点,对近年来我国在尾矿坝溃坝机理与溃坝致灾过程方面的研究工作进行了较为系统的总结,指出当前我国尾矿坝工程理论研究中存在的问题,并对该领域今后需深入开展的研究工作提出建议。

The tailing ponds in our country are not only great in quantity, but also distributed widely, and countless security and eco-environmental accidents caused by the tailing ponds not only make a serious threat to the national public security, but also restrict China＇s economic and social development in some ways. Therefore, studies of the mechanism and process of the tailing dam break would be of great significance to the disaster prevention and mitigation for the tailings ponds in China. In this paper, the difference and connection between the tailing dams and the water retaining darns in the mechanism and process of dam break are analyzed and compared, and the characteristics of the tailing dams are summarized in the aspects of dam body form filling ways, and dam material composition and failure mechanism, and the research achievements acquired in recent years are introduced systematically. Deficiency in research is also pointed out, and suggestions for further development in this research field proposed. In short, safety of the tailing dams is still a serious problem in China, and basic theoretical research is relatively weak. In view of the fact that mechanism of the tailing dam break is not clear and too many findings of earth-rock dam break are used in the analysis of the tailing dam break, it is necessary to carry out more experiments on the tailing dam break, so as to explore the mechanism of the break fundamentally.