老年血液透析患者82例临床分析

Clinical analysis of 82 elderly hemodialysis patients

目的探讨提高老年血液透析患者的生存质量及生存年限的方法。方法选择2009年1月至2012年12月60岁以上老年维持性血液透析患者82例,回顾性分析其并发症、营养状况、存活率及死亡原因。结果透析急性并发症发生率达60%以上,以低血压、休克、呕吐多见,其次为心律失常、心绞痛、心力衰竭、脑出血、感染等。营养不良29例(35.36%),贫血15例(18.29%)。患者存活时间最长为9.6年,1年存活79例(96.34%),3年存活65例(79.27%),5年以上存活38例(46.34%)。死亡原因中心脑血管原因最多(52.27%),其次为感染、肿瘤、上消化道出血等。结论做好老年血液透析患者并发症及营养状况的分析并及时治疗,是提高老年患者生活质量和生存率的关键。

Objective To investigate the methods for improving the quality of life and survival period of elderly maintenance hemodialysis（MHD） patients.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,82 elderly MHD patients above 60 years old were chose.The data including the complications,nutritional status,survival rate and causes of death were retrospectively analyzed.Results The acute complication rate was above 60% mainly including hypotension,shock,vomitting,followed by arrhythmia,angina,heart failure,cerebral hemorrhage,infection and so on.The longest survival time was 9.6 years,29 patients（35.36%） had nutrition dystrophy,15 patients（18.29%） had anemia,79 patients（96.34%） lived above one year,the 3 year survival rate was 79.27%（65 patients） and 5 year survival rate was 46.34%（38 patients）.The main cause of death was cardio cerebral vascular（52.27%）,followed by infection,tumor,hemorrhage of upper digestive tract.Conclusion Analysis of the complication and nutritional status of elderly hemodialysis patients and timely treatment are the key to improve the quality of life and survival rate in the elderly.