没收违法所得若干问题新解——以《联合国反腐败公约》中的资产追回机制为视角

The New Interpretation of the Proceduere of Confiscating the Illegal Income

新《刑事诉讼法》规定的没收违法所得程序是在我国已加入《联合国反腐败公约》等国际公约多年且国内法律制度亟须与之配套协调的背景下设立的,是为解决腐败、洗钱等相关犯罪导致大量犯罪资金无法追回的问题而设立的一项新制度。尽管它不以对逃匿、死亡的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人定罪量刑为前提,但它也以法院的正式审判为必要,因而不宜被称为未审没收程序。由于肩负裁断犯罪资金归属的重要使命,没收违法所得程序未来的发展走向不能局限于现有法条及司法解释的限度内,必须适当扩大其适用范围、降低其裁定标准、突出其执行没收的核心环节,以逐步适应打击犯罪活动、追缴犯罪资金和加强国际刑事司法合作的实践需要。

Confiscating the illegal income program is established in the new revised criminal procedural law in the context in which our country has joined the UNCAC for several years. It is a new special system to solve the problem of illicit money and items. Because it is necessary to open the court official trial in this special system, it should not be called the confiscation of procedure without trial any more. Due to shouldering the important mission of confirming illicit funds belonging, confiscating the illegal income program can not be confined to within the limits of existing legislation and judicial interpretation, but it should expand the scope of application, cut down the standard of proof and attach more importance to implementing the confiscation in order to gradually adapt to the need of fighting against crimes and strengthen the cooperation of the international criminal judicial practice.