山杏强化育种及子代测定

Intensive breeding and progeny test in Armeniaca sibirica

为缩短山杏育种周期,加速山杏子代测定进程,建立山杏强化育种温室。采用完全随机区组试验设计,共3种处理,研究不同强化措施对山杏开花结实的影响,同时对11个半同胞家系的子代进行测定。结果表明:温室内加光、温室内不加光和温室外(对照)3种处理对山杏产核量的影响极显著,温室内加光、并保持适宜的温度和湿度、保证充足的营养和水分,辅以整形修剪和拉枝定干,能够促进山杏营养生长,提早进入开花结实盛期;11个半同胞家系在产核量性状上差异显著,39号、28号、42号、73号、18号半同胞家系产核量表现优异,可初步确定为优良家系;山杏在地径、苗高和产核量三者之间存在着极显著的相关性,也说明营养生长对促进生殖生长起决定作用。

In order to shorten the breeding cycle and accelerate the process of progeny test inArmeniaca sibirica, the intensive breeding greenhouse was established. Adopting the completely randomized block experimental design, the effects of different intensive measures were analyzed on flowering and Fruiting ofArrneniaca sibirica and 11 half-sib progenies test were carried out. The research results showed that： the significant difference on the apricot-stone yield was caused when the trees were cultivated in three conditions which included greenhouse with illumination, greenhouse without illumination and outside of greenhouse. The coordinative methods （Increasing illumination time, maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity, ensuring adequate nutrition and water content in soil, prtming branch and stem）could encourage the plant to flower and fi＇uit at large scale in early stage. The apricot-stone yields of 11 half-sib progeny were obviously different, No.39,28,42,73 and 18 half-sib progeny which had higher yield, could be initially identified as superior families. There was significant correlation among ground diameter, free height and the apricot-stone yield, also which showed that the vegetative growth plays a decisive role in promoting earlier flowering and fruiting at large scale.