苏州市吴中区生态赤字分析及可持续发展力的研究

Study on Ecological Deficit and Sustainable Development Power in Wuzhong District of Suzhou

应用生态足迹模型研究了苏州市吴中区人均生态足迹变化,分析了生态赤字的成因,并结合万元GDP生态足迹、生态足迹多样性指数和发展能力指数对可持续发展力进行定量评估,最终找到可持续发展的途径。结果表明,2005—2012年间,吴中区存在严重的生态赤字,赤字大小为1.113 2-2.087 5 hm2·人-1,耕地和能源用地赤字比例较大,人均生态足迹和生态承载力逐渐降低,生态赤字状况有所缓解;万元GDP生态足迹为0.493 84-0.093 54 hm2·人-1,生态足迹多样性指数为1.048 2-1.223 7,缓慢增加,基于生态足迹的经济发展能力指数为2.474 7-1.499 0,大幅下降。可见,苏州市吴中区处于不可持续发展状态,各土地利用类型生态足迹的分配不均,但其资源利用率较高,综合可持续发展力较强。因此,提出了一种加快工业转型、控制人口数量、加强耕地保护、减少污染排放、重视生态建设、增加产业类型、平衡足迹分配的可持续发展对策。

The research studied the per capita ecological footprint change in Wuzhong district of Suzhou using ecological footprint model, analyzed the causes of ecological deficit, at the same time, quantitatively evaluated the sustainable development power based on ecological footprint per ten thousand GDP, ecological diversity index and developing ability index. Accordingly, found out the sus- tainable developing path. The results showed that a serious ecological deficit existed in Wuzhong district from 2005 to 2012, the deficit value was 1.113 2-2.087 5 hm2 per capita, in which arable land and energy land had a higher percentage, the per capita eco- logical footprint and ecological capacity gradually reduced, ecological deficit situation had been eased; the l0 000 GDP＇s ecological footprint was 0.493 84-0.093 54 hm2 per capita, ecological footprint diversity index was 1.048 2-1.223 7, slowly increased, the eco- nomic development ability was 2.474 7 - 1.499 0, felling sharply. Visibly, Wuzhong district was in an unsustainable development state, every land distributed unevenly, but it had a high resource utilization and strong sustainable development force. As a result, proposed a sustainable development countermeasure： speeding up industrial transformation, controlling population, strengthening the arable land protection, reducing pollution emissions, valuing ecological construction, increasing industry types, balancing footprint dis- tribution.