人工哺育代乳粉对湖羊双胎羔羊生长发育、营养物质消化和血清学指标的影响

Effects of Artificial Rearing of Milk Replacer on Growth and Development,Nutrient Digestion and Serum Indices of Hu Twin Lambs

本文从生长发育、营养物质消化和血清学指标3方面研究人工哺育代乳粉对湖羊双胎羔羊早期培育的效果。选取24对新生湖羊双胎公羔羊,采用配对试验设计分成2组,1对双胎羔羊分别分至其中1组,MM组随母哺乳,MR组人工哺育代乳粉,每组24只。饲养试验试验期90 d,60日龄断奶,每隔10 d于晨饲前进行称重、采血,60和90日龄时,随机选取3对双胎羔羊进行屠宰。在46～55日龄和76～85日龄随机选取4对双胎羔羊进行消化代谢试验。结果显示：1）在20、30、40日龄时,MR组羔羊的体重显著低于MM组（P＜0.05）,但差异在逐渐减小,到50日龄以后就不存在显著性差异（ P＞0.05）。 MR组羔羊的平均日增重在10~20日龄显著低于MM组（P＜0.05）,在40～50日龄显著高于 MM 组（P＜0.05）,其他时段差异不显著（P＞0.05）,0～90日龄的平均日增重差异亦不显著（ P＞0.05）。2）在60日龄时,MR组羔羊的瘤胃占复胃总重比例显著高于MM组（P＜0.05）,而瓣胃和皱胃占复胃总重比例显著低于MM组（P＜0.05）。在90日龄时,2组羔羊各胃室重量以及占复胃总重比例均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,但MR组羔羊瘤胃的重量比 MM组高；MR 组羔羊的小肠占宰前活重比例显著高于 MM组（ P＜0.05）；代乳粉对2组羔羊内脏器官重量的影响差异不显著（ P＞0.05）。3）代乳粉对常规营养物质的表观消化率的影响不显著（ P＞0.05）。4）代乳粉对血清生化指标（总蛋白、胆固醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、白蛋白、尿素氮含量,碱性磷酸酶活性）以及血清免疫指标（免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白A含量）的影响不显著（ P＞0.05）,并且MR组与MM组呈现出相似的变化规律。综合以上,人工哺育代乳粉的培育方式能够达到与母乳哺育湖羊双胎羔羊相同的效果。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of artificial rearing of milk replacer on growth and development, nutrient digestion and serum indices of early weaner Hu twin lambs. Twenty-four pairs of new born Hu male twin lambs were equally divided into two groups using paired experimental design, and one pair of twin lambs were allotted to one of the two groups, and each group contained 24 lambs. Lambs in differ-ent groups were reared with mother milk （ MM group） and milk replacer （ MR group） , respectively. The feed-ing trial lasted for 90 days, lambs were weaned at 60 days of age, body weight was recorded and blood sample was collected every 10 days, and 3 pairs of twin lambs were randomly selected for slaughter. Two periods of digestion trials were undertaken at 46 to 55 and 76 to 85 days of age using 4 pairs of twin lambs, respectively. The results showed as follows：1） the body weight of lambs in MR group was significantly lower than that in MM group at 20, 30 and 40 days of age （ P〈0.05） , but the difference was narrowed as aging, and there was no significant difference after 50 days of age （P〉0.05）. The average daily gain was significantly lower for lambs in MR group compared with that in MM group at 10 to 20 days of age （ P〈0.05） , while was significant-ly higher at 40 to 50 days of age （ P〈0.05） . There were no significant differences in other time periods, nor at 0 to 90 days of age. 2） At 60 days of age, the percentage of rumen weight of total complex stomach weight in MR group was significantly higher than that in MM group （ P〈0.05） while the percentages of omasum and ab-omasum were significantly lower （ P〈0.05） . At 90 days of age, no significant differences were observed in the weight or the percentage of total complex stomach weight of different stomachs, and only to found slightly higher of weight of rumen was found in MR group （ P〉0.05）; the percentage of live weight before slaughter （LWBS） for small intestine was significantly higher in MR group than that in MM group （P〈0.05）; there was no significant differences in the weight and the percentage of LWBS for internal organs between groups （ P〉0.05） . 3） Milk replacer had no significant effects on the apparent digestibility of regular nutrients （ P〈0.05）. 4） Milk replacer had no significant effects on serum biochemical indices （total protein, cholesterol, glucose, triglyeride, albumin and urea nitrogen contents, alkaline phosphatase activity） and serum immunolog-ical indices （ immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A contents） （ P〉0.05） , and the indi-ces in MR group and MM group manifested similar trends. In conclusion, the artificial rearing system of milk replacer of early weaner lambs can achieve the same feeding effect as those fed mother milk.