大豆酶解蛋白对仔猪生长性能、矿物质利用及消化道健康的影响

Effects of Enzymolytic Soybean Meal on Growth Performance,Mineral Availability and Intestine Health of Piglets

本试验旨在研究大豆酶解蛋白（ ESM）对仔猪生长性能、矿物质利用及消化道健康的影响。试验将120头“杜长大”（DLY）仔猪[（10.79±1.59） kg]随机分为6个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复5头猪。6个组分别饲喂19%粗蛋白质（ CP）饲粮、18%CP饲粮和在18%CP饲粮基础上分别用1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%ESM等量替换玉米的饲粮。试验期为36 d。结果表明：1）与18%CP组对比,18%CP＋1.0%和1.5%ESM组仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重提高,但无显著差异（ P＞0.05）；18%CP＋1.5%ESM组饲粮有机物和CP、粗灰分、钙和磷表观消化率显著提高（ P＜0.05）；18%CP＋1.0%和2.0%ESM组骨骼钙、磷含量显著提高（ P＜0.05）；18%CP＋2.0%ESM组空肠、18%CP＋2.5%ESM组回肠绒毛高度显著提高（ P＜0.05）,18%CP＋2.0%ESM组十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）显著增加（P＜0.05）；18%CP＋1.5%ESM组血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性极显著降低（P＜0.01）,回肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（sIgA）含量显著提高（P＜0.05）；盲肠、结肠乳酸杆菌数量和乳酸杆菌/大肠杆菌显著提高（ P＜0.05）。2）与19%CP组对比,18%CP＋1.5%ESM组平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比无显著差异（ P＞0.05）；饲粮干物质、有机物、CP、粗灰分、磷表观消化率显著提高（ P＜0.05）；血清和骨骼中钙含量显著提高（ P＜0.05）；血清DAO活性显著降低（ P＜0.05）；盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌数量、乳酸杆菌/大肠杆菌极显著提高（P＜0.01）。综上,饲粮添加1.0%～1.5%ESM一方面可以促进肠道绒毛发育、维持肠道结构完整、优化肠道菌群,从而保证仔猪消化道健康；另一方面可以提高仔猪对钙、磷的吸收与沉积,从而促进骨骼生长发育。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of enzymolytic soybean meal （ ESM） on growth performance, mineral availability and intestine health of piglets. A total of 120 crossed-bred （ Duroc × Landrace×Yorkshine） piglets with the initial body weight of （10.79±1.59） kg were randomly divided into six groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 piglets per replicate. Six group were fed diets with 19% crude protein （ CP） , 18% CP, and 18% CP diets adding with 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% ESM to replace the same amount of cron, respectively. The experiment lasted for 36 days. The results showed as follows：1） compared with the 18% CP group, average daily gain （ ADG） and average daily feed intake （ ADFI） of 18% CP＋1. 0% and 1.5% ESM groups were increased but with no significant differences （ P〉0.05） . Compared with the 18% CP group, apparent digestibility of organic matter, CP, ash, calcium and phosphorus of 18% CP＋1. 5% ESM group were significantly increased （P〈0.05）. Compared with the 18% CP group, the contents of calcium, phosphorus in serum and bone of 18% CP＋1. 0% and 2. 0% ESM groups were significantly increased （ P〈0.05） . Compared with the 18% CP group, villus height in jejunum of 18% CP＋2.0% ESM group and in ileum of 18% CP＋2.5% ESM group was significantly increased （ P〈0.05） , the ratio of villus height to crypt depth （V/C） in duodenum and ileum of 18% CP＋2.0% ESM group was significantly increased （P〈0.05）. Com-pared with the 18% CP group, the activity of diamine oxidase （ DAO） in serum was significantly decreased of 18% CP＋1.5% ESM group （ P〈0.01） , and secretary immunoglobulin A （ sIgA） content in ileum mucosa was significantly increased of 18% CP＋1.5% ESM group （ P〈0.05） . Compared with the 18% CP group, Lactoba-cillus count and the ratio of Lactobacillus to Escherichia coli of caecum and colon were significantly increased （ P〈0.05） . 2） Compared with 19% CP group, the ADG, ADFI and the ratio of feed to gain （ F/G） of 18%CP＋1.5% ESM group were no significant differences （ P〉0.05） , but apparent digestibility of dry matter, or-ganic matter, CP, ash, phosphorus of 18% CP＋1.5% ESM group were significantly increased （P〈0.05）. Compared with the 19% CP group, the content of calcium in serum and bone of 18% CP＋1.5% ESM group was significantly increased （P〈0.05）, and the activity of DAO in serum was significantly decreased （P〈0.05） . Compared with the 19% CP group, Lactobacillus count and the ratio of Lactobacillus to Escherichia coli in caecum and colon of 18% CP＋1.5% ESM group were significantly increased （ P〈0.01） . In conclusion, diet containing 1.0% to 1.5% ESM can promote the growth of intestinal villi, maintain the integrity of intestinal structure, optimize the microbial community structure to keep the healthy of digestive tract, and improve the absorption and sedimentation of calcium and phosphorus to promote bone growth of piglet.