转基因生物技术的知识产权保护

Analysis on the intellectual property protection of genetically modified organisms technology

转基因生物技术是现代农业生物技术的重要着力点,其自研发以来不断发展,已在多种作物上成功应用,且培育品种日趋多样化。转基因作物种植面积急剧增加,种植国家也逐年增多。目前转基因生物技术水平较高的国家,其知识产权保护水平也往往较高。而我国转基因植物、动物和其他微生物材料,无法通过我国现行的《专利法》、《植物新品种保护条例》获得有效保护,阻挠了转基因生物技术创新发展,更影响到整个国家的粮食安全和农业安全。

Genetically modified organisms （GMOs） technology exists as a significant focus of the modern agricultural biotechnology. Accordingly, GMOs technology has been successfully applied in a variety of crops since its appearance. At the same time, the GMO cultivars are becoming more and more diversified. On one hand, planting area of genetically modified crops rocketed dramatically; on the other hand, the countries planting GM crops increased year by year. At present, countries with high level of GMOs technology tend to have higher levels of intellectual property protection. Nevertheless, the domestic transgenic plants, animals and other microbial material cannot acquire effective legal protection from the current intellectual property law, such as the ＂Patent Law of the People＇s Republic of China＂ and the ＂Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants＂. This tendency not only obstructs the GMOs technology innovation and development, but also affects the food security and agricultural safety of the entire country.