四川叙永县苗族和汉族人头面部人类遗传学特征调查研究

Human genetic studies on head-face characters of miao and han Nationalities in Xuyong County of Sichuan Province

目的了解四川叙永县苗族、汉族人头面部人类遗传学特征。方法遵循整群随机抽样原则,调查叙永县苗族257人、汉族279人人头面部14项人类遗传学特征。结果 (1)长睫毛、双眼睑、有蒙古褶、有耳垂、有达尔文结节、湿性耵聍、凸鼻梁、勾鼻尖、阔鼻孔、卷舌、直舌、前额V型发际、卷发、右发旋在苗族中的出现率分别为:36.58%、80.16%、53.31%、49.81%、63.81%、28.02%、39.69%、8.95%、65.37%、56.81%、89.11%、33.07%、28.02%、57.98%;在汉族中的出现率分别为:68.46%、67.03%、67.38%、59.86%、63.08%、32.97%、30.82%、11.11%、55.56%、68.10%、88.53%、39.07%、14.34%、66.31%。(2)苗族男性和女性耳垂、鼻梁、鼻孔、卷舌4对性状出现率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);汉族男性和女性仅耳垂出现率上,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。苗族人和汉族人比较,共有9对性状出现率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01),包括睫毛、眼睑、蒙古褶、发形、卷舌、耳垂、鼻梁、鼻孔、发旋。结论四川叙永县苗族、汉族人多项头面部人类遗传学特征具有自身民族特点。

Objective To identify the head-face characteristics of human genetics of Miao and Han nationalities in Xuyong County of Sichuan Province. Methods A total of 14 head-face human genetic characteristics were investigated for Miao nationality（257 persons） and Han nationality（279 persons） in Xuyong County of Sichuan Province according to the cluster random sampling survey method. Results（1）The occurrence rate of long eyelashes,double eyelid,Mongol fold,earlobe,Darwin nodules,wet cerumen,convex nose,hook nose,wide nostrils,rolled tongue,straight tongue,V forehead hair,curly hair,right-hand hair was respectively 36.58%,80.16%,53.31%,49.81%,63.81%,28.02%,39.69%,8.95%,65.37%,56.81%,89.11%,33.07%,28.02%,57.98% of Miao nationality;It was respectively 68.46%,67.03%,67.38%,59.86%,63.08%,32.97%,30.82%,11.11%,55.56%,68.10%,88.53%,39.07%,14.34%,66.31% of Han nationality.（2）Compared with the occurrence rate of 4 characteristics such as earlobe,convex nose,wide nostrils and rolled tongue among the female and male of Miao nationality,the difference had statistical significance（P〈0.05）;There were statistical significance between the occurrence rate of earlobe of the male and female of Han nationality（P〈0.01）;Compared to Miao and Han nationalities,there was statistical significance in the occurrence rate of 9 pairs of characters（P〈0.05 or 0.01）,including long eyelashes,eyelid,Mongol fold,earlobe,Darwin nodules,hair style,retroflection,earlobe,bridge of the nose and tuorbillion. Conclusion The Miao and Han′ s head-face in Xuyong county of Sichuan province had their own national characteristics.