有球与无球挥杆动作对杆头速度影响差异的运动学分析

Difference of Kinematic parameters on Club Head Speed between B-Swing and NB-Swing

无球挥杆与挥杆击球普遍被认为是同一动作,所以无球挥杆动作顺畅稳定的球手如果不能将其发挥到挥杆击球中则被认为是动作未定型或者发挥不稳定的表现。目的:有球和无球挥杆动作是否相同,杆头速度是否存在差异,这些差异由哪些运动学要素决定。方法:熟练球手随机做5次有球挥杆和5次无球挥杆,计算杆头速度、肩髋夹角、躯干前倾角、躯干侧屈角和主导侧前臂角和杆-臂角,采用配对T检验对比有球和无球挥杆动作各要素间的差异。结果:击球时,无球挥杆的杆头速度比有球大,且两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);无球挥杆动作下杆过程肩髋夹角最大值较小,球杆释放时的前臂角较大,球杆释放过程杆-臂角的变化幅度较小,下杆至击球点躯干的前倾角度变化较大,击球时躯干侧屈角度较小,且这些决定杆头速度的运动学要素与有球挥杆动作的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:有球和无球挥杆动作并不相同,球手在2种挥杆动作中表现出的杆头速度和相关运动学参数的差异体现了他们具有根据不同任务准确调控身体环节的协调能力;同时也提示,在高尔夫挥杆教学过程中,经无球挥杆练习掌握连贯动作后,必须通过加强挥杆击球练习才能达到有效提高杆头速度的目标。

No-ball-Swing and B-Swing are commonly believed that they are the same movement. So who got the good No-ball-Swing is accepted that they can act as good as doing B-Swing. If they can＇t, they are generally believed it is the poor performance. Purpose： Compare kinematic factors which influent club head speed, try to find whether there is difference between B-Swing and No-ball-Swing of the same golfer. Methods： All participants were skilled golfers, and they were asked to do five No-ball-Swing and five B-Swing. Then the club head speed was compared if there was significant difference, and then the kinematic factors were analyzed. Results： The club head speed of B-Swing was significantly greater than NB-Swing （P〈0.05）. All the difference in X-factor and delay released of club during downswing, lateral bending angle and forward tilt at impact were statistical significance （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： B-Swing and NB-Swing are not the same movement. In the process of teaching the golf swing, golfers should consistently practice hitting the ball after obtain coherent movement. Then they can achieve the ability how to improve the velocity of the club head.