乒乓球比赛技战术“四段指标评估法”的构建与应用

Construction and Application of“Four Phase Evaluation Theory”Technique and Tactics for Table Tennis

在经典"三段指标评估法"的基础上,根据近10年乒乓球比赛技战术分析的研究成果,重新梳理并构建了乒乓比赛技战术"四段指标评估法"的理论框架。通过对57场男子单打和50场女子单打比赛的统计分析,制定了男单和女单比赛的评估标准,使得评估结果更加符合训练和比赛需要,进一步揭示乒乓球比赛的客观规律,完善乒乓球比赛技战术统计与分析体系。将运动员的第5拍得分归为相持段,第5拍失分归为发球抢攻段的统计方法,能够较好地解决传统"三段指标评估法"中双方运动员各段数据不对应的问题。2个实例分析表明:(1)张继科在发抢段和接抢段技术出色,抢攻积极,优势稳定;相持I段的得分优势最为突出,要注意合理分布发抢与发抢后相持的比例分配问题;相对其他击球段来说,相持II段不太稳定,需要加强接发球抢攻后的相持衔接和攻防转换的能力;(2)李晓霞实力较为均衡,整体实力较强,发抢和接抢意识积极,优势较为明显,但仍需注意提高发抢的质量;相持I段实力雄厚,得分优势最大,在发抢优势受限的情况下也能凭借相持I段的得分优势保证发球轮中的得分率;相持II段的发挥也较为稳定,优势明显。

Based on the classic ＂three phase evaluation theory＂, and according to the results of nearly a decade of researches on technique and tactics analysis in table tennis, this study re-sorted and constructed the theoretical framework of ＂four phase evaluation theory＂ of technique and tactics in table tennis. It also established evaluation criteria for men＇ s and women＇ s singles game through the examination of 57 men＇ s and 50 women＇ s matches. So it made the results more suitable for the training and competition needs, and could further reveal the objective laws of table tennis match. It will helpful for improving the system of table tennis technique and tactics analysis. The method that takes the scores in the fifth stroke into the attack after serve phase while takes the losing scores in the fifth stroke into the rally I phase can well solved the problem that the data of one player didn＇ t correspond with the other in the traditional ＂three phase evaluation theory＂. Two case analysis of world top players indicated that ZHANG Jike have stable advantage in the attack after serve phase and the attack after receive phase with excellence technique and positive consciousness of attack. His biggest scoring advantage is in the rally I phase, he should pay more attention on the reasonable distribution between the attack after serve phase and the rally I phase. Relatively, the rally II phase is not so stable, and he needs to strengthen this phase. With a strong overall strength, Li Xiaoxia＇ s power is relatively balanced, she attacked after serve and attacked after receive actively, but she still need to pay attention to improve the quality of the attack. Her biggest scoring advantage is also in the rally I phase, she can ensure the scoring average by means of the scoring advantage in rally I in the situation of the attack after serve is limited. The rally II phase also have an obvious advantages with technique is relatively stable.