社会网络的概念、测度及其影响:一个文献综述

The Concept,Measure and Impacts of Social Network: A Literature Review

本文从社会网络的概念出发,诠释了社会网络的内涵、不同的度量方式以及在微观行为中的影响。具体而言,作为一种社会资本,因共享信息、提供担保或分担风险的优势,在平滑消费、增加投融资、促进就业、减少贫困和改善收入分配状况等发面发挥着重要作用。作为一种非正式制度,它在资源配置方面可以弥补正式制度发展不足的缺陷。更为重要的是,正式制度(如正规金融体系、民主选举)的逐渐发展可能减弱也可能加强原有社会结构中的社会网络的作用。

Starting from the concept of social network,this paper interprets its meaning,different measure methods and the impacts on the microeconomic behaviors. Specifically,as a kind of social capital,social network plays important roles in smoothing consumption,increasing investment and financing,promoting employment,reducing poverty and improving income distribution because of its advantages in sharing information,providing guarantees and sharing risks. Also as an informal institution,social network can compensate for the defects of the formal institutions in resource allocation. More importantly,the gradual development of formal institutions( such as the formal financial system,democratic elections) may weaken or strengthen the impacts of the social network in its former structure.