数据权、数据主权的确立与大数据保护的基本原则

Right to Data, Data Sovereignty and the Basic Principle of Big Data Protection

随着云计算、物联网、传感网、移动互联网等蓬勃发展,催生了数据规模的爆炸式增长,人类已大步迈入大数据时代。大数据蕴含着巨大的经济、社会、科研价值和无限的开发潜能,若治理不当,不仅会引发隐私问题、个人信息安全问题,甚至还会影响国家安全和社会稳定。为迎接大数据时代的机遇和挑战,对大数据保护应遵循数据主权原则、数据保护原则、数据自由原则和数据安全原则等基本原则,并在此基础上构建数据主权和数据权法律制度。数据主权主要包括数据管理权和数据控制权,对数据跨国流通的管理和控制是其中最为重要的内容。数据权包括个人数据权和数据财产权。

With the development of cloud computing, the internet of things, sensor network and mobile internet, data grows explosively. Big data has not only great economical, social and scientific research value but also great potential for exploitation. Improper big data management not only leads to issues of privacy, personal information safety, and even national security and social stability. In Response to this, China should follow the principle of big data protection, such as data sovereignty, data protection, freedom of data and data security. And on this basis China should construct the legal system of data sovereignty and right to data. Data sovereignty mainly includes the right of data management and data control, in which the management and control of the cross-border circulation of data is an important part. Right to data includes personal data right and data property right.