语法构式的事件结构认知研究

A Cognitive Approach to the Event Structures of Grammatical Constructions

构式语法主张语法构式是语言的基本分析单位。本文基于语言形成与现实和认知的关系分析了语法构式形成的事件基础,提出构式语法研究的事件观,指出特定构式的意义来源于该构式所描写的事件结构及构式的使用事件。对一个语法构式的分析就是以事件结构为基础统一描写该构式在句法、语义、语用和语篇方面的语言特征。构式的事件结构是认知语言学语言单层观、连续统观、使用观和体认观的理论建构基础。在实时语言交际中,一个构式的使用(即使用事件)激活了构式的事件结构。构式的使用事件是构式进入实际话语场景的入场作用要素。

Construction Grammar claims that grammatical constructions are the basic units of linguistic analysis. Based on the relation of language formation with the reality and human cognition, this paper proclaims an Event-based Construction Grammar study paradigm, and also claims that the meaning of a specific construction is rooted in the event structure entailed by the con- struction and the usage events of the construction. The analysis of a given construction is to expound the construction from such linguistic aspects as syntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse on a unified level. The event structure of grammatical construc- tions is the cornerstone of the cognitive linguistic assumption that a grammatical construction is a single-layer structure that is a continuum, usage-based model and embodied in human experience. In a real-time communicative process, the usage event of grammatical construction activates its event structure and functions as the grounding element of a grammatical construction in real utterance situation.