鱿鱼加工副产物高值化综合利用综述

The review of comprehensive utilization with high value of squid processing by-products

近年来,国内鱿鱼加工产业快速发展,其副产物占据着很大的比重,对这些副产物的加工和利用越来越引起关注。鱿鱼加工副产物包括鱿鱼皮、内脏、鱼眼、墨汁、精巢、软骨等,对鱿鱼加工过程中副产物进行回收利用,不仅提高鱿鱼的经济价值,还可以减少副产物引起的环境污染。本文分别介绍了鱿鱼皮、墨汁、精巢和软骨的组成特性、提取以及利用情况,总结了近年来国内外利用鱿鱼副产物为原料开发胶原蛋白、鱼精蛋白、软骨素等一系列生化制品的研发状况,并提出了以复合蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮制备小分子胶原寡肽和以酶水解-膜分离组合工艺生产软骨素、骨胶原蛋白的综合利用新工艺的技术特点,最后展望了鱿鱼加工副产物的高值化综合利用前景和发展趋势。

The squid processing industry has been developed fast in China in recent years, while its byproducts occupy a large proportion. There forth, the processing and utilization of squid processing by-products has been concerned increasingly. The squid processing by-products include squid skin, viscus, fish-eye, ink, testis and cartilage. The recycling and utilization of the by-products can improve the economic value of squid and reduce the environmental pollution. This paper introduced the composition characteristics of squid skin, ink, testis, cartilage, and the extract methods as well as utilization. The comprehensive utilization status home and abroad of squid by-products as materials to develop a series of biochemistry products such as collagen, chondroit in sulfate and protamine extracted from skin, cartilage, ink and testis of squid were reviewed. The technical characteristics of the new technology was proposed as follows ： A composite enzymatic degradation was used to extract collagen from the skin of squid, a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and membrane separation technology was used to extract chondroitin sulfate and bone collagen. Finally, the utilization and prospects of several squid by-products were also discussed.