火星进入减速器技术综述与展望

Review and prospect of decelerator technologies for Mars entry

随着火星着陆探测任务的不断推进,火星采样返回、载人登陆火星和火星基地等任务要求能将更大、更重的探测器着陆到火星表面,这就需要在火星大气进入阶段进行高效减速。基于以往成功的火星着陆探测任务,首先系统地回顾了火星进入段气动减速技术的发展历史;然后,结合火星进入过程的特点阐述了火星进入段减速设计的必要性及其面临的挑战;接着,系统地总结了充气式气动减速器、可展开式气动减速器和超声速反推减速器的系统构成和研究进展;最后,对这3种减速器技术的未来发展方向和亟待解决的关键问题进行了比较全面的分析和展望。

With the continuous progress of the Mars exploration,future Mars missions,such as Mars sample return,manned Mars missions,and Mars base,require the lander with a larger size and heavier mass to land on the surface of the Mars,thus inevitably need more efficient deceleration technologies for Mars atmospheric entry.The history of aerodynamic deceleration for Mars entry is reviewed first based on the past successful Mars landing missions in the paper.Then,the characteristics and challenges of decelerator technologies encountered during Mars entry are analyzed in detail.And the system configuration and state-of-art of the inflatable decelerator,deployable decelerator and supersonic retro-propulsion decelerator are summarized.Finally,a more comprehensive analysis and outlook for these three Mars entry decelerators are conducted.