大麦株高及其构成因素的杂种优势和配合力分析

Heterosis and combining ability of plant height and its components of barley

选用7个株高差异比较明显的啤酒大麦品种(系)为亲本,按照Griffing双列杂交方法 II配制21个杂交组合,2年重复试验,分析大麦株高及其构成因素的杂种优势和配合力关系。结果表明:株高及其构成因素的杂种优势均存在广泛的变异,除倒1节间长度外,其余节间长度的平均优势均为负值,倒3,4节间长平均优势最大;株高及其构成因素的遗传同时存在显著的加性效应和非加性效应,以加性效应为主;苏啤3号和港啤2号的株高及各节间长一般配合力效应值均表现为较明显的负向效应,其在育种工作中对改良啤用大麦后代株高结构有良好的作用;品系连0719穗长一般配合力具有较大的正向效应,在改善穗长性状育种中具有一定的利用价值。除倒5节间长外,杂种组合扬农啤5号×苏引麦2号、港啤1号×苏啤3号、苏引麦2号×苏啤3号的各节间长均表现为较明显的负向效应,其穗长均表现为正向效应,可作为选育矮秆或半矮秆大麦品种的较优组合;株高及其构成因素具有较高的遗传力,表型变异受环境影响较小,宜早代选择。

Abstrat：The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between heterosis and combining ability of beer barley, traits were measured in a complete diallel cross （ GriffingПmating design） involving 21 hybrids and 7 par-ents during 2011-2012.The main results were as follows.there was great variation in the heterosis of height and its components, the average heterosis of internodes length was negative except for the first internode;the third and fourth internode had the larger average heterosis.Plant height and its components were controlled by both additive and dom-inant genetic effects, and the additive effect was the main factor.The general combining abilities of plant height and each internode length of Supi 3 and Gangpi 2 showed negative effect, and they could be used as parents in improving the structure of the plant height.The general combining ability of spike length of Lian 0719 showed positive effect, so it could be used as the parents in improving spike length.Except for the fifth internode, the specific combining abili-ty of the other internode length in the three crosses involving Yangnongpi 5 ×Suyinmai 2, Gangpi 1 ×Supi 3, Suyin-mai 2 ×Supi 3 showed negative effect, and the specific combining ability of spike length showed positive effect.They could be considered as the fine combinations in dwarfing breeding.The heritabilities of the plant height and its com-ponents were so high that these traits were suitable for early generation selection.