回鹘文佛典翻译技巧考析

On the Technique of Translating Buddhist Texts into Uighur Scripts

回鹘文佛经大多译自汉文,及至元代,由于受藏传佛教的影响,始有部分经典依藏文本译出。从吐鲁番、敦煌出土的回鹘文佛经经典看,回鹘之翻译技巧大致有三端。其一,专有名称,直接采用外来术语。相对而言,译自汉文的回鹘文佛籍所含印欧语言成分反多于汉语,而译自藏文的回鹘文佛典,所含印欧语甚或汉语外来词却多于藏语词汇;其二,回鹘文之佛经翻译,常常以一种文字为底本,同时参考其他文本,如以汉文本为底本,那么,藏文本甚或梵文本同时被用作参考;其三,注意借鉴佛经藏文、汉文译本的翻译经验和技巧。

Most of Uighur Buddhist scriptures were translated from those of Chinese formerly,and until the Yuan Dynasty,owing to the influence of Tibetan Buddhism,there were certain Uighur scriptures that were translated from Tibetan texts. The translating techniques of Buddhist scriptures can be summarized into three points roughly. The first One is the proper name,namely it makes use of foreign terms directly. By contrast,Uighur Buddhist scriptures that were translated from Chinese had more Indo- European language components than those of Chinese,while that being translated from Tibetan text had more Indo- European language or Chinese terms than those of Tibetan relatively. Secondly,the translation of Uighur Buddhist scriptures uses one language text as the original text usually,and refers to other texts at the same. For example,if Chinese edition was used as the original text,then the Tibetan text or Sanskrit one would be used as reference. Thirdly,it pays attention to using the translating skills and experience of the texts of Tibetan and Chinese Buddhist scriptures.