笛卡尔哲学难题的种种求解方案及现代启示

The Solutions of Descartes' Philosophy Problem and Its Rational Enlightenments

为破解笛卡尔身心两离又内在统一的哲学难题,近代经验论和唯理论曾做了种种试解,但最终倒向了唯心主义而只在主观观念中实现了身心统一。现代经验论对这一求解感到失望,而试图将精神的因素归结为物质的因素予以求解,即通过对语言进行逻辑分析来消除形而上学弊病,但因语言的固定界限而窒息了思想的内在活力。因此,现代存在论主张通过实现语言学转向以突破语言的逻辑限制,在生存命义中找到一条破解笛卡尔难题的可能路径。然而,将"此在"视作语言性的诗意存在,仅为求解这一难题找到一种虚幻可能而非可行之策。在语言学范围内,笛卡尔哲学难题是无解的,只有诉诸马克思实践观,这一难题才有望得到科学解决。

For solving Descartes＇ philosophy problem--- the separation and unity of body and mind, modern Empiricism and Rationalism has made efforts to solve, which results to the unification of body and mind in the subjective concept. Modem experience theory was disappointed with this solution, and in contrast, tried to get the spiritual factors due to material factors to give solution, that is to say, through the study of the logic of language analysis to eliminate the metaphysics. But due to the fixed boundary of language, the inner vitality of thoughts is choked. Modem ontology was advocated by implementing the linguistic turn in breaking through any limits from the logic of language in living life just find a possible path for deciphering the problems. However, Paradox will be regarded as the existence of linguistic just found a possibility for solving this problem rather than the exact solution, only resort to Marx＇s practice viewpoint to obtain positive solutions.