民国教育界关于小学作文命题的思想初探

On the Writing Proposition of Primary School during the Republic of China

民国时期语文教育界对小学作文教学中虽很棘手却又很重要的命题问题进行了深入探讨。在作文命题方法方面,他们主要提出了教师命题法、儿童自由命题法、师生共同命题法、不定题目、后定题目以及图画实物命题法等方法。鉴于各种方法各有优缺点的现实,他们倡导因势利导,发挥不同命题形式间相互为用的关系。其中,在肯定主流教师命题法存在必要性的同时,提出了若干教师应该遵守的能体现儿童本位的命题标准,并在此基础上,对作文命题的题材范围做出了以儿童生活经验为中心的诸多限定。民国教育界这些有关作文命题的思想对我们当下的小学作文教学有一定的启迪作用。

During the Republic of China the Chinese educational circle carried on the discussion on the issue of proposition in primary school’s composition teaching,which was very difficult but very important.In the as-pect of composition proposition methods,they mainly put forward several methods.In view of various meth-ods with advantages and disadvantages’.they advocated that the teacher should employ these proposition methods alternately according to the specific situation.They put forward several principles that a teacher should obey.Based on this,they limited the composition ranges mainly to children‘s life experience.Those thoughts of writing proposition are inspiration to the composition teaching in primary schools today.