我国政府应急管理日常机构的设置模式与制度架构

Setup mode and institutional structure of daily emergency management agency in our government

应急管理日常机构既负责政府应急管理的日常事务,又负责政府应急响应中的具体协调。当前,我国各级政府的应急办存在着权力过小、层级过低、能力有限、和其他机构职权冲突等问题,将其简单扩充、升级又会导致新问题,需要加以改革。在应急管理日常机构的各种代表性设置模式中,美国的FEMA值得借鉴。我国政府应当组建一个综合性的应急管理部门,整合部分职能单一的应急机构,并对其他履行应急管理职能的部门行使协调权,同时承担政府应急办公机构的职能。

Daily emergency management agency is in charge of daily affairs about emergency management of gov-ernment, and is responsible for the specific coordination of governmental emergency response action. Currently, the Emergency Management Offices of governments in China should be reformed because their power is too small, their level is too low, their ability is limited, they have functions conflict with other institutions, and a simple upgrade of them will lead to new problems. In the representative setup modes of daily emergency management agency, FEMA of the United States can be adopted as a reference. The governments of China should setup a comprehensive emer-gency management department to integrate some emergency agencies which just carry out single function, perform power of coordination with the other departments in emergency management field, and undertake the responsibility as emergency management office of the governments at the same time.