广州市学龄儿童行为问题特征的调查研究

A study of behavior problems in school age children in Guangzhou

目的探讨广州市7—12岁儿童行为问题发生情况及特征。方法对广州市5所小学1—6年级小学生进行分层整群抽样，共1080名学生，其中男性571人，女性509人，应用家长用Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）进行问卷调查，数据资料采用SPSS17．0软件进行统计分析。结果广州市7—12岁儿童行为问题检出率为11．7％（126／1080），男性儿童行为问题检出率略高于女性[12．8％（73／571）比10．4％（53／509）]，差异无统计学意义（Х^2=0．911，P=0．340）。男性儿童检出率前3位的CBCL因子为社交退缩、违纪、分裂样，检出率分别为3．9％（22／571）、3．5％（20／571）、3．2％（18／571）；女性儿童检出率前3位的CBCL因子为体诉、抑郁、社交退缩，检出率分别为2．8％（14／509）、2．6％（13／509）、2．6％（13／509）。男女生检出率前3位均有社交退缩因子。男女儿童发生率前10位的行为问题症状相似，主要为“喜欢争论”“注意力不集中，多动”“在家不听话”等。结论广州市7～12岁儿童行为问题发生较多，应引起社会和家庭的重视。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of behavior problems in children between 7 to 12 years old in Guangzhou. Methods One thousand and eighty students （male 571, female 509） from grade 1 to 6 at five primary schools in Guangzhou were evaluated with the multi-phase stratified cluster sampling method. Parent reported Achenbach＇s Child Behaviour Checklist（CBCL） was applied and the data was analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. Results The detection rate of behavior problems in Guangzhou was 11.7% （ 126/1 080） , and the rate of female and male children was 10.4% （53/509） and 12.8% （73/571） respectively, with no significant difference between them （Х^2 = 0.911, P = 0.340）. The top three problems among boys were somatic complaint [ 3.9% （22/571） ], violate discipline [3.5% （20/571） ] and schizoid [3.2% （18/571） ]. The factors of top three detection rate in girls were somatic complaint [ 2.8% （14/509） ], depression [ 2.6% （ 13/509 ） ] and social withdrawal [2.6% （13/509） ]. The common factor between boys and girls was social withdrawal. The top ten behavior problems among boys were similar to girls, which were ＂like argument＂ , ＂unfocus＂ , ＂hyperactivity＂ , and ＂disobedient at home＂ , etc. Conclusions There is a high incidence of behavioral problems in children between 7 to 12 years old in Guangzhou.