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重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌的分离及耐药性变迁分析 被引量:5

Separation and drug resistance changes of acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit
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摘要 目的对重症监护病房(ICU)中鲍曼不动杆菌(AB)的分离情况及耐药性变迁进行分析,指导临床用药。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年12月自内蒙古自治区人民医院ICU患者痰液、尿液、分泌物、吸取物、血液及腹腔积液中分离出的361株AB的标本分布和耐药性;对比分析耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌(IRAB)和亚胺培南敏感鲍曼不动杆菌(ISAB)的耐药性差异。结果2009年、2010年、2011年、2012年和2013年白ICU住院患者标本中分离出的AB菌数占年度分离细菌总数的比例分别为18.5%(23/124)、19.7%(25/127)、39.3%(77/196)、27.5%(83/302)和34.7%(153/441);共分离出IRAB333株,占年度AB菌株数的比例分别为82.6%(19/23)、76.0%(19/25)、90.9%(70/77)、90.4%(75/83)和98.0%(150/153);5年中AB和IRAB自痰液中分离数占所有标本比例的86.1%(311/361)和85.3%(284/333)。2009-2013年AB对亚胺培南的耐药率呈升高趋势,由2009年的82.6%(19/23)增高到2013年的98.0%(150/153);对阿米卡星的耐药率呈下降趋势,由2009年的43.5%(10/23)下降到2013年的16.3%(25/153);2013年AB对复方新诺明的耐药率明显下降,仅为22.2%(34/153),而2013年前耐药率均〉80.0%;AB对β-内酰胺类抗生素的总耐药率高达91.7%~95.3%。除阿米卡星和复方新诺明外,IRAB对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均明显高于ISAB(均P〈0.05)。结论ICU中AB和IRAB的分离率和耐药性较高,需做好多重耐药细菌的监测和消毒隔离工作,合理使用抗菌药物,降低多重耐药细菌的感染发生率和患者病死率。 Objective To analyze the separation and drug resistance changes of acinetobacter baumannii (AB) in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods The sample distribution and drug resistance of 361 strains of AB separated from sputum, urine, secretion, aspirate, blood and ascites in ICU of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The differences of drug resistance of imipenem resistant acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB) and imipenem sensitive acinetobacter baumannii (ISAB) were compared. Results In 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, separation ratio of AB in total strains was 18.5% (23/124), 19.7% (25/127), 39.3% (77/196), 27.5% (83/302) and 34.7% ( 153/441 ) , respectively. There were 333 IRAB strains separated, with ratio of 82.6% (19/23), 76.0% (19/25), 90.9% (70/77), 90.4% (75/83)and98.0% (150/153) in AB strain from 2009 to 2013. The total separation ratio of AB and IRAB from sputum was 86.1% and 86.1% in all the specimens. From 2009 to 2013, the imipenem resistance rate of AB increased from 82.6% (19/23) in 2009 to 98.0% ( 150/153 ) in 2003 ; the amikacin resistant rate declined from 43.5% ( 10/23 ) in 2009 to 16.3% (25/153) in 2013; the sulfamethoxazole resistance rate significantly declined in 2013 [22.2% (34/ 153) ]. Totally drug resistant rate of AB for β-lactam antimicrobial was 91.7% -95.3%. Except for amikacin and sulfamethoxazole, the drug resistance rates of IRAB for the other antibiotics were all significantly higher than those of ISAB ( all P 〈 0.05 ). Conclusion Separation rate and drug resistance of AB and IRAB in ICU are high, indicating that monitoring the multiple drug-resistant bacteria, disinfection and isolation, rational use of antimicrobial agents are necessary for reducing infection and mortality of multiple drug-resistant bacteria.
出处 《中国医药》 2015年第3期422-425,共4页 China Medicine
基金 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2013MS11113)
关键词 重症监护病房 鲍曼不动杆菌 亚胺培南 抗药性 Intensive care unit Acinetobacter baumannii Imipenem Drug resistance
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