某高中结核病暴发的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of an outbreak of tuberculosis in a high school

目的分析某高中暴发结核病的原因及学校结核病的流行水平,探讨学校结核病疫情的控制措施。方法运用现况调查的方法,通过拍摄X光片、痰涂片结核抗酸杆菌检测、结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物试验(PPD试验)检查接触者,早期发现感染者并进行防治。结果该校新发结核患者8例,发病率为0.74%。在校师生PPD阳性率为39.83%,强阳性率为8.82%。新发患者集中在密切接触者班级,首发患者可能是本次结核病暴发的传染源。结论通过采取密切接触者进行检查、结核病患者隔离治疗、结素试验强阳性学生自愿预防投药、通风消毒以及健康教育等控制措施,可有效控制学校的结核病疫情扩散。

Objective To analyze the outbreak causes of tuberculosis and prevalence level of a high school, and explore the epidemic control measures of tuberculosis in school. Methods Cross-sectional study was used to investigate contacts by X-rays, detection of sputum smear acid fast tuberculosis and purified protein derivative of tuberculin test（PPD test）, and discovered infections and prevented earlier. Results 8 cases of new tuberculosis were observed, the incidence rate was 0.74%. PPD positive rate of teachers and students was 39.83%, and strong positive rate was 8.82%. New patients concentrated in the class of closest contacts, and the first episode of tuberculosis patients may be the source of the infection outbreaks. Conclusion Tuberculosis epidemic in schools could be effectively controlled by detection of tuberculosis contacts, taking isolation and treatment of tuberculosis patients, voluntary administration prevention in strongly positive tuberculin test students, ventilation disinfection in workplace and health education.