我国大型贫铁矿充填法开采关键技术与发展方向

Key technology and developmental direction of the filling mining for large lean ore deposits in China

我国钢铁工业快速发展对铁矿石需求迅速增长.我国是世界第4大铁矿资源国,但由于矿石品位低,采矿技术条件差,开采难度大,一直没有得到充分的开发利用,导致铁矿石对外依存度高达70%,严重影响我国铁矿工业战略发展和企业的经济效益.开发国内资源是我国在"十二五"铁矿资源开发的战略决策.为了保护矿山生态环境,我国在建的8座千万吨级矿山均采用充填法开采.因此,大型贫铁矿充填采矿研究现状、关键技术以及发展方向成为人们关注的问题.本文首先概述近20年来我国铁矿充填采矿技术的发展水平、应用现状以及研究成果.然后,指出我国大型铁矿品位低和"三下"矿床是我国铁矿资源的特点.由此明确了大型贫铁矿床安全高效和无废开采所面临的关键技术难题,阐明了我国大型铁矿充填法开采初步研究成果.最后,指明了大型贫铁矿充填采矿技术的发展方向,为我国贫矿资源开发研究提供参考.

On account of the rapid development of iron and steel industry, the demand for iron ore grows rapidly in China, which is the world＇ s fourth big iron ore resource country. However, the resource development is limited, because the ore grade is lower and the mining technical conditions are poorer, so that the iron ore external dependence is as high as 70%, which will affect the development of iron and steel industry. The development of domestic resources is the strategic decision of China＇ s ＂Twelfth Five - Year Plan＂ In order to protect the mine＇ s ecological environment, eight mines with the production capacity of ten million tons which are under construction have adopted the filling mining method. So it has become the focus for mining designers to research on the status quo, the key technology and the developmental direction. This paper first summarizes the development level, application status and research progress on the filling mining technology of iron mines in recent twenty years. Then it points out the features of the iron deposits in China which ore grade is lower and ore deposits are beneath the water, the roads and the buildings. Based on the mining technology, the key technical problems to safe and high efficient mining for the large lean iron ore deposits are given. Finally it suggests the developmental direction of filling mining technology for large lean ore, which provides the reference for the researches of lean ore resources development in the future.