低基质浓度厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥反应器的快速启动

Fast start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) granular reactor treating low-strength wastewater

超过100 d的反应器启动时间制约了厌氧氨氧化工艺在城市污水处理工程中的应用。通过高上升流速的培养方式,在低基质反应质量浓度条件下（氨氮与亚硝态氮质量浓度分别为20 mg/L与26 mg/L）,启动厌氧氨氧化升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器。试验中,厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动时间为60 d,系统稳定运行期,平均总氮去除负荷（以N计）达到4.3 kg·m^-3·d^-1,氨氮与亚硝态氮的平均去除率分别达到99.3%与98.8%。在启动过程中,红褐色颗粒污泥快速形成,当系统运行至100 d时,反应器内79.3%的污泥粒径处于0.5-0.9 mm之间。通过定量PCR,对厌氧氨氧化菌在UASB反应器中的富集情况进行考察,发现厌氧氨氧化菌在反应器中为非均匀分布,反应器底部厌氧氨氧化细菌浓度较高,厌氧化细菌的基因拷贝数达到1.28×10^11个/g MLVSS。

The start-up period of anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX） reactor usually took more than 100 d which restrained the application of ANAMMOX process in domestic wastewater treatment. The fast start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation（ANAMMOX） granular reactor was investigated under high up-flow velocity（5 m/h） when the ammonium and nitrite mass concentrations of the influent were 20 mg/L and 26 mg/L, respectively. The results shows that the nitrogen removal rate of ANAMMOX reactor reaches 4.08 kg·m^-3·d^-1 on 60 d which indicates the successful start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. During the stable operation period, the average nitrogen removal rate reaches 4.3 kg·m^-3·d^-1 and the average ammonium and nitrite removal efficiencies reach 99.3% and 98.8%, respectively. The granules obtained from ANAMMOX reactor are rufous in color and the majority（79.3%） diameter of granules is in the range of 0.5-0.9 mm on 100 d. The abundance of ANAMMOX in up-flow Anaerobic sludge bed（UASB） reactor was also investigated by q-PCR. The results show that the concentration of ANAMMOX bacteria is much higher in the bottom of UASB reactor which reaches 1.28×10^11 copy numbers·g MLVSS^-1.