国家的建构过程与国族的整合历程——基于美国的考察

The Process of the State Building and the History of the National Integration:In case of the United States

国家建构与国族建构是一个一体两面、交互推动的历史进程。国家的建构本身隐寓并推动着国族建构的内容,而国族的构建又巩固了国家建构并推动着国家的发展。国家建构和国族构建对外都意在完成对"他者"的辨析,对内则依国情差别而有不同的发展历程。对统一的多民族国家的外部空间而言,国家建构是一个对"他者"辨识和切割的过程,其在极端情况下通常被处理为一个"敌我辨识"的过程;就统一多民族国家的内部而言,国家建构和国族建构都是一个试图不断包容"他者"的过程,且这个过程显然需要"他者"的同意。本文以美国为例,探讨了现代国家建构与国族建构的历史过程。

The state-building and nation-building are two historic processes mutually promoted. The state-building implies and promotes the nation-building, while the nationbuilding strengthens and precipitates the state-building. As for the external space of a unified multi-ethnic country, the state-building is a process of identifying and separating from ＂the others＂, or even regarding the others as the ＂enemies＂. As for the internal space, both statebuilding and nation-building are the process of integration of ＂the others＂, which should be accepted by ＂the others＂. This paper explores the historic process of modern state-building and nation-building of the United States.