“新战国世纪”的“新圣贤”论——费孝通先生晚年的世界秩序观

“New Confucius”in the“New Warring States”Period:on the Viewpoint of World Order by Fei Xiaotong in His Late Years

"新世纪圣贤论"是被学术界忽视的重要思想遗产,是费孝通先生在世纪之交留给后世的一个世纪方案。这一方案由"新战国世纪论"与"新圣贤论"共同构成。如果说"新战国世纪论"是费孝通对21世纪的时代判断,那么"新圣贤论"就是费孝通在文化层面对21世纪的世界秩序展开的设计;"文化自觉"、"和而不同"等概念,则是"新圣贤论"的具体内容和体现。"新战国世纪"与"新圣贤",构成了费孝通晚年的世界秩序观,该世界秩序观是费先生一系列重要思想的经纬背景,它与其他重要思想互为表述。不了解这一世界秩序观,我们就无法领悟费先生在拒绝以西方为中心的世界秩序时,倡导建立何种大同一体的世界;更无法通透理解费孝通晚年的美好社会说与王道霸道之争,遑论其文化自觉论和人文心态观。更为重要的是,面对当今世界图景与中国图景中呈现出来的问题,我们很可能会错过一次从费孝通学术遗产中提取宝贵经验的机会。

The ＂New Confucius in the New Era＂, an essential intellectual heritage left by Fei Xiaotong at the turn of the century, is far under-discussed in academia. It is a great project marked by two key words as ＂New Warring States Century＂ and ＂New Confucius＂, with the former as Fei＇ s definition of the new century while the latter his blueprint of world order from cultural perspective. To put it more specific, ＂ cutural self-consciousness＂ and ＂harmony in diversity＇are representative concepts of ＂New Confucius＂. The＂New Warring States Century＂ and ＂New Confucius＂, as Fei＇ s view of world order in his late years, are the theoretical background of a series of other major thoughts. Understanding the concepts is the premise of interpreting his advocacy of building a world of unity in diversity instead of a western-oriented one. It also significantly facilitates the understanding of histheory of ideal society, the debate between sage rule and power rule, the cultural self-consciousness theory, and concepts on humane psycho-mental complex. More importantly, it is a great opportunity to learn from Fei＇ s academic legacy in the face of current problems in China and the world.