何以不“团圆”——论鲁迅、张恨水小说的悲剧结局

Why not“Reunion”——On the Tragic Ending in Lu Xun's and Zhang Henshui's Novels

结局是整体艺术的一个重要环节,是作者思想的凝聚,是探索作家创作意图和衡量作家艺术功力的一个重要标志,一部好的文学作品总有一个精心设计的结局。在中国古代小说中,主人公常常依赖偶然的因素获得悲喜逆转的大团圆结局,鲁迅和张恨水对于小说结局的处理抛弃了这种大团圆模式,热衷于以悲剧收场。他们认为,作品应该扎根于真实的土壤之中,结局要符合人物性格和故事情节发展的客观逻辑,大团圆结局并不是真实的人生体验。而悲剧因为更能调动情绪所以更易震撼人心。虽然二人都摒弃了大团圆结局,但背后的思考却有殊异:鲁迅在对结局的思考中纳入了对于"瞒与骗"、喜好大团圆的国民性的批判以及个人"走"的生命哲学,而张恨水则更多的是从现实人生和读者的猎奇心理入手,从精妙的艺术情节的构思中对结局进行布局。无论如何,二人的艺术构思及对结局的处理都在无形中对读者造成了一定的影响。

The ending is an important link of the whole art ,is to unite the author＇s thought ,is an impor‐tant symbol to explore the creation intention of the author and measure the w riter＇s artistic skill ,and a good literary works always has a well‐designed ending .In China ancient novels ,the hero is often de‐pendent on the accidental factor to get a happy ending reversed from sadness ,but Lu Xun and Zhang Henshui abandoned the reunion model for processing the ending ,keen to end in tragedy .They think , works should be rooted in the real soil ,the ending should fit the objective logic of personal characters and plot development ,and a happy ending is not a real life experience ,w hile the tragedy is more emo‐tional so it can more easily shock the hearts of the people .Although two people have abandoned the happy ending ,the underlying thinking has varied ：in thinking the ending Lu Xun takes the“concealment and deception” ,the criticism on liking the happy ending of national character criticism and personal“go”philosophy of life into consideration ;whereas Zhang Henshui is more starting from the realities of life and readers＇curiosity ,to carry out the layout of the ending from the fine art of plot conception .In any case ,the artistic conception and the treatment on the ending of tw o people virtually have had a certain influence on readers .