战后冲绳处置与钓鱼岛争端——美国对冲绳与钓鱼岛问题的战略考量

Post-war Disposition of Okinawa and the Dispute of Diaoyu Islands :U.S. Strategy Toward Okinawa and the Diaoyu Islands

战后美国主导对日媾和,通过《旧金山和约》获得冲绳等岛屿的托管权,但同时给予日本对这些领土的"剩余主权"。20世纪70年代初,美国把纺织品贸易谈判和归还冲绳谈判相关联,同日本达成《归还冲绳协定》,换来日本在贸易问题上的妥协。归还冲绳期间美日私相授受钓鱼岛,将钓鱼岛连同冲绳一并归还日本,但在中方抗议压力下美国表示对钓鱼岛主权持"中立"态度。毋庸置疑,美国是中日钓鱼岛争端的始作俑者。美国既制造矛盾又推卸责任的外交行为,成功在中日之间塞入楔子,实现了自身利益的最大化。

After World War II,U.S. together with a number of other countries signed the Treaty of San Francisco,which not only placed Okinawa under U.S. sole administering authority,but also vaguely granted Japan'residual sovereignty'over these territories. In 1970 s,U.S. linked textile negotiations with Okinawa reversion negotiation. U.S. and Japan concluded the Okinawa Reversion Agreement while Japan made concession over textile trade issues. U.S. arbitrarily included Diaoyu Islands when returning Okinawa to Japan. In response to the strong opposition from China,U.S. claimed that it took a neutral position with regards to the sovereignty over Diaoyu Islands. There is no doubt that U.S. initiated the Diaoyu Islands dispute. U.S. not only sowed conflicts but also shirked responsibilities,driving a wedge between China and Japan and maximizing U.S. national interests.