中国流动人口的社会融入研究

Research on the Assimilation of the Floating Population in China

通过对2013年流动人口社会融合个人数据和社区数据的分析,得出以下结论:以经济整合、社会适应、文化习得和心理认同四个维度测量,发现流动人口的总体社会融入水平一般,且各维度的融入状况差别较大:制度约束和结构排斥使得经济和社会方面的融入进程严重滞后于文化和心理方面的融入,凸显融入的差异性;乡—城流动人口的融入水平不如城—城流动人口的融入水平,表现出融入的分层性;良好的社区服务与接纳环境可有效推进融入进程,凸显融入的社区依赖性;流入地和流出地以及流动人口和本地市民的联接影响流动人口的融入进程,凸显融入的互动性。推进融入既需要个人的努力,更需要消除歧视、排斥的制度障碍,以营造良好的制度环境和社区氛围。

On the basis of our analysis of individual and community data from the 2013 survey of the assimilation of the floating population,we can draw the following conclusions.Measured on the four dimensions of economic integration,social adaptation,cultural acquisition,and psychological identity,we find that the general level of social assimilation of the floating population is about normal,but it differs quite considerably among the four dimensions.Due to institutional obstacles and structural exclusion,the process of economic and social assimilation lags far behind cultural and psychological one,highlighting gaps in it;the floating population assimilates less well in migration from rural to urban areas than in migration between urban areas,revealing the stratification of assimilation;good community services and an accepting environment can effectively facilitate assimilation,revealing assimilation's dependence on the community;and connections between migrants' source and their destination and between them and local residents affect their level of assimilation,revealing the interactive nature of assimilation.Promotion of assimilation depends on individual efforts,but still more necessary is the elimination of the institutional obstacles of discrimination and exclusion to create a favorable institutional environment and social atmosphere.