中国经济发展道路中的国家自主性

State Autonomy in China's Economic Development

中国改革开放以来的30多年经济保持持续快速增长,从政治学视角探讨中国经济发展的动力和原因是一个富有挑战性的问题,而国家自主性理论作为理解国家与社会发展的新范式使得这一问题的解决有望取得突破。中国革命的历史遗产和官僚体制的发展、执政党的危机意识与高层精英的战略领导以及平均主义带来的平等社会结构等,使中国在改革之初的发展就具有自主性特征。中国的经济增长得益于基于国家权力和国家能力的有效干预,这种国家干预主要体现在国家自主性的政策和制度供给、政策和制度执行两个层面。但近些年的经济和社会发展失衡带来的社会不公和利益集团,成为国家能否为经济发展持续提供动力而必须应对的难题和挑战。中国需要从政府体制改革和社会自主性提升两方面入手实现国家自主性的平衡,以隔离性和嵌入性为特征的治理式互赖,是未来中国经济发展中国家自主性的目标和状态。

China's economic development maintains sustained and rapid grow th over the past 35 years since the reform and opening up. It is a real challenge to discuss the motivations and reasons of China's economic grow th in the view of political science,but state autonomy theory makes it possible to realize the desire as a new paradigm about the relationship betw een state and society. China has the characteristics and capacity of state autonomy at the beginning of reform and opening up for the follow ing reasons. They are the heritage of China's historical revolution and the development of bureaucracy,the sense of ruling crisis and the strategic leadership of top elites and the equal society structure caused by egalitarianism. China's economic grow th benefits from the effective intervention based on state pow er and state capacity. The state intervention based on state autonomy reflects mainly in tw o levels about the supply and implementation of policy and system. But the imbalance betw een state autonomy and economic development brings the social injustice and interest groups. They become the problems and challenges for the state,w hich decides w hether the state can provide motivation for sustainable economic development or not. China needs to achieve the balance of the state autonomy from the tw o aspects of government system reform and the ascension of the society autonomy. Governed interdependence is the future goal and status of China's state autonomy on the w ay of economic development,w hich is characterized by isolation and embeddedness.