产业集群技术溢出的正向利用机制与创新绩效——兼论如何减小技术模仿等负效应

A Study on the Positive Usage Mechanisms of Technology Spillover and Its Innovation Performance in the Industry Cluster:Concurrently Discuss How to Reduce the Negative Effects of Technical Imitation

产业集群中的技术溢出具有促进技术转移和诱发技术模仿的正、负两面效应,无节制的技术模仿将导致产业集群内部的核心大企业和中小企业同时出现技术创新动力不足的问题。本文基于集群企业的组织间关系构建了集群网络的持续创新模型,以大连保税区汽车产业集群为例进行实证分析,探索产业集群技术溢出正向利用机制生成的基本规律和主要途径。研究认为,组织间学习和网络能力在产业集群有效技术溢出的正向利用过程中各自发挥了关键性作用,克服技术模仿等造成创新集群动力缺失的关键在于形成核心大企业与中小企业的协同创新态势。本文最后对研究结论进行了深入讨论,尤其针对如何有效减少技术模仿等负效应的产业集群发展难题,分别从集群企业长期收益与短期收益的取舍、破解集群企业创新动力不足,以及平衡集群中的竞合关系这三个方面,为管理实践和政策设计提供了科学依据。

The technology spillover is one of the important technical interactions between companies in Industrial clusters under the open innovation environment. However the technology spillover has the double-sided of promote technological progress and induce technology imitation at the same time which leads to the core large enterprises and SMEs in the industrial clusters simultaneously emerge the problems of technological innovation power and the ability uncoordinated. In this paper ,we respectively use inter-organizational learning and networking capabilities as Mediator and Moderator to construct continuous innovation mechanism model and through the empirical research of the automotive industry cluster at Dalian Free Trade Zone to explore the basic law and the main way that promote innovation capability and power coherent in industrial cluster. Studies suggest that the collaborative innovation of core large enterprises and SMEs in the innovation clusters can help overcome the power loss of innovation clusters caused by technology spillover, inter-organizational learning and networking capabilities play an important intermedi- ation and regulation effect in technology spillover realize Industrial cluster constant innovation. Existing research about the relationship between inter-organizational learning and innovation performance main- ly from the perspective of knowledge property in partnership and cooperative learning, while ignored the network ca- pacity in influencing the spread and transfer critical knowledge. In fact, under the open innovation environment, en- terprise that has strong ability of network can access to more valuable new knowledge and can accurately obtain the information of spilled technical knowledge, not only can contrast different technical knowledge sources to choose the most appropriate technical knowledge spillover party and can enhance the chance of gaining key technical knowl- edge to promote business to effectively integrate the spilled technical knowledge with the existing technical knowl- edge. Most of the existing literature researched on technology spillovers are from the perspective of FDI technology spillover while the study from the perspective of industrial clusters to research the technology spillovers between en- terprises in the cluster is clearly insufficient. In this paper we expect to provide an effective reference for business in management practices. Taking into account that from the perspective of the number of patents to measure innovation performance will be influenced by some subjective and objective conditions, for example, the business＇s enthusiasm and intention of applying patent, the high demand of applying patent itself and so on all will affect the final number of patent applications. This article does not use the number of patents as an indicator of innovation performance, while we measure innovation performance from product innovation and process innovation two dimensions. In this paper,we corrected the one-sided viewpoint that technology spillover has purely positive or negative impact on inno- vation performance and provided an effective way for business to use spilled technical knowledge. Based on the results from empirical research, further discuss focus on three aspects in management practice and policy design. These three aspects were choosing long-term or short-term benefits in clusters, solving the innovation motive shortage and balancing competition relations in clusters. All these are deeply discussed to reduce the negative effect of technology spillovers through benign interaction between large core enterprise and SMEs. Industrial clusters with innovation ability are built to vertical division network by inter-organizational learning activities, and Achieving the two-way technology spillover in the same industry chain.