清民国时期珠江三角洲海岸滩涂环境与水产增养殖

Coastal Environment and Aquatic Products in Pearl River Delta in the Qing Dynasty and Minguo Period

本文以珠江口伶仃洋海岸滩涂的主要水产牡蛎、白蚬、禾虫为中心,讨论了清代和民国时期珠江三角洲河口滩涂水产养殖业特点。长牡蛎曾是珠江河口牡蛎属的常见种,清民国时期在伶仃洋东岸滩涂已进行近江牡蛎的投石采苗、滩涂寄养与育肥;白蚬是滩涂区常见的水产,明清时期已进行人工增养殖;清代以来珠江三角洲的滩涂被大量开发成沙田,禾虫是沙田中出产的重要水产。

This paper researched the characteristics of Pearl river delta＇s fishery in the Qing dynasty and The period of the Republic of China concerned on oysters, Aloidis laevis and Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus, which are the typical animals in the different tidal zones respectively. Oyster Ostrea gigas Thunberg was the most important species which is bred in low tidal zones, and aboriginals fished the larvaes by throwing the burned rocks to sea, then they shift the larvaes of oysters to beaches to fatten them. Aloidis laevis was the most popular fisheries in the intertidal zone, and they were also cultivated in the low tidal zone to avoid biological hazards. The aboriginals used a special vessels with equipment to get harvest. Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus was the most important fishery in the high tidal zones, it is numerous appeared in the paddy of rice.