中古時期粟特人移入河東的原因及分佈初探

A Preliminary Study on the Causes and Distribution of the Medieval Sogdian'Immigration to Hedong Area

中亞昭武九姓粟特人是南北朝、隋、唐時期對中亞錫爾河以南至阿姆河流域的粟特地區和國家及其來華後裔之統稱,包括康、安、曹、石、米、史、何等九姓。粟特人移入河東有交通、商業、政治、民族等原因。中古時期,中亞粟特人在河東地區的分佈具有範圍廣、跨度大等特點。十六國時期,即有石勒和翟楷家族移居潞州和太原地區的記載。北魏統一北方,都城平城周圍成爲粟特人移居的重要地區。北齊至隋唐,大批粟特人移入晉陽、蒲州、晉州、代州、朔州、石州等地區,或經商,或從事武士、樂舞等工作。這個移民現象對中古時期山西社會産生了較大影響。

Zhao wu nine surname Sogdian,including Kang,An,Cao,Shi,Mi,Shi,He,etc,is the common name of the people in Sogdian regions and countries in Central Asia from the south of the Syr Darya to the Amur Darya,as well as the descendants immigrating to China,during the period of the Northern Dynasties,Sui and Tang Dynasties.Sogdian moved into Hedong area for the reasons of traffic,commerce,politics,ethnic characteristics and etc. In medieval times the distribution of Sogdian in Hedong area was of wide scope and large span. It was recorded that during the period of the Sixteen States the family of Shi le and Zhai kai moved to Luzhou and Taiyuan area. In the Northern Wei Dynasty,the capital Pingcheng became an importantarea of Sogdian. From the Northern Qi Dynasty to Sui and Tang Dynasties,a large number of Sogdian immigrated to Jinyang,Puzhou,Jinzhou,Daizhou,Shuozhou,Shizhou and other regions,and were engaged as merchants,warriors,dancers and other occupations. The phenomenon of the migration had a great influence on the society of Shanxi in medieval times.