本科生普外理论课考试成绩的分布及影响因素

The distribution and influential factors of exam results in medical students＇ general surgery theory course

目的 了解本科生普外科理论课考试成绩的分布和影响因素。方法 整群抽样选择171名本科生为研究对象，分析其普外科理论考试成绩分布及其影响因素。采用SPSS17．0软件进行统计分析，计量资料用互±s表示；正态性检验用Kolmogorov—Smirnov test，不符合正态分布定量资料的比较用Mann-Whitney U和Kruskal-Wallis H检验：秩变换univariate多因素方差LSD（Levene检验组问误差方差相等）或Tamhane法Levene检验组间误差方差不等）进行组间两两比较；总成绩是否优秀的影响因素分析用非条件单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型，检验水准α=0．05。结果 总成绩呈正态分布，77分为异常值。女生的总成绩、各题型得分均高于男生，不同班级的总成绩、选择题和问答题得分差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic分析显示，男生（OR=0．212，95％CI：0．077—0．584）是总成绩优秀的不利因素；名词解释得分高（OR=12．160，95％CI：1．985～74．495）、选择题得分高（OR=9．887，95％CI：2．997—32．617）、问答题得分高（OR=18．323，95％CI：6．593～50．928）是总成绩优秀的有利因素。结论 应注意分析成绩异常值和性别差异的原因．注重试卷题型对成绩的影响。

Objective To analyze the distribution and influential factors of exam results in medical students＇ general surgery theory course. Methods 171 medical students were selected as subjects by cluster sampling, and the distribution and influential factors of exam results were analyzed. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis, measurement data with x ＋ s, and normality test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Those quantitative data which do not meet the normal distribution were compared with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Rank transformation univariate multi-factor variance of LSD （Levene test equal error variance between groups） or Tamhane method（Levene test range error variance between groups） were compared between two groups（3-4） and the influence factors of whether the grade was good was analyzed by single factor and multi factor non conditional Logistic regression model, with the test level of alpha=0.05. Results The distribution of total exam results was normal. 77 score was outlier, and the scores of female students were higher than those of male students. Scores of total exam results, muhiple-choice questions and essay questions in different classes were significantly different. Data from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male students （OR=0.212, 95%CI： 0.077-0.584） were unfavorable factor for good exam results, while higher scores in noun explanation（OR=12.160, 95%CI： 1.985-74.495）, multiple-choice questions （OR=9.887, 95%CI： 2.997-32.617）, essay questions（OR=18.323, 95%CI： 6.593-50.928）were favorable factors. Conclusion The cause analysis of score＇s outlier and sex difference should be strengthened, and the influence of examination items on score should be emphasized.