不同种植密度对机械直播油菜农艺性状及产量的影响

The Effects of Different Planting Density on Agronomic Traits and the Yield of Mechanical Direct Seeding Rapeseed

以国审油菜盐油杂3号为材料,设置15、20、25、30以及35万株·hm-25种种植密度,分析不同种植密度对油菜农艺性状及产量的影响。研究结果表明:1)密度高低对株高、分枝高度、有效分枝数、单株有效角果数等指标均有明显影响,随着密度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;2)高密油菜群体株型结构整齐更能适合机械化收获;3)利用混合型产量-密度模型对密度和产量两个因素进行非线性拟合,最终推导出最优方程,利用最优方程计算出油菜直播最优密度。

Taking the rape Yanyouza No.3 as the test material,the study explores the effects of different planting density on agronomic traits and the yield of mechanical direct seeding rapeseed,with five planting densities, that is, 150 000 strains·hm^-2 , 200 000 strains·hm^-2 , 250 000 strains·hm^-2 ,300 000 strains·hm^-2 and 350 000 strains·hm^-2.The results show that, increasing the density of rape,plant height,the number of branch,the number of pods per plant and the seed number per pod show a downward trend,while branching height and 1 000 grain weight increase significantly. High-density populations of plant type are more suitable for mechanized harvesting.This study also uses the hybrid yield-density models for the nonlinear fitting between the density and yield,and finally derives the optimal equation to calculate the optimal density of direct seeding rape.