斯洛伐克104份冬小麦种质资源农艺性状的分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of 104 Germplasm Resources from Slovakia in Wheat

为丰富我国冬小麦遗传多样性,为其遗传改良提供物质保障,对引进的104份斯洛伐克冬小麦种质资源的株高、株穗数、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量等主要农艺性状进行了调查分析。研究结果表明：引进的资源主要表现为株高偏高、穗子较大、千粒质量偏低的特点,且株高、穗长与千粒质量三性状均与对照品种存在极显著差异;6个性状变异系数幅度为0.08~0.37,变异系数的顺序为株穗数〉株高=主茎穗粒数〉千粒质量〉穗长〉小穗数,表现了丰富的遗传多样性;64份冬性种质与40份春性种质的千粒质量差异达到极显著水平,株高和主茎穗粒数差异达到0.05显著水平,株穗数、穗长和小穗数差异不显著;株高与株穗数、株高与穗长、穗长与小穗数、穗长与穗粒数、小穗数与穗粒数呈极显著正相关,穗长与千粒质量、穗粒数与千粒质量呈显著正相关;聚类分析将104份种质分为4类;筛选出综合农艺性状优良的种质3份,可直接作为亲本材料应用于黄淮冬麦区的小麦遗传改良研究。

In order to enrich genetic diversity of wheat and provide germplasm for genetic improvement,it was analyzed that the performance of plant height（PH）,spikes per plant（SPP）,spike length（SL）,spikelets,kernels per spike（KPS）,1 000-kernel weight（TKW） of 104 Slovak germplasm resources in wheat.It was showed that：higher PH,bigger SL and lower TKW than check varieties,it was recheved extremely significance of 0.01 levels during PH,SL and TKW;The range of coefficient variation during 6 agronomic traits were 0.08-0.37,the order was SPP PH = KPS TKW SL spikelets;The significant test results of 64 winter wheat and 40 spring wheat were that TKW achieved extremely significant level of 0.01,PH and KPS achieved significant level of 0.05,SPP,SL and spikelets were not differential;The correlation analysis indicated that PH and SPP,PH and SL,SL and spikelets,SL and KPS,spikelets and KPS were extremely significant positive correlation,SL and TKW,KPS and TKW were significant positive correlation;These germplasms were classified 4 categories by cluster analysis;3 selected germplasm resources whose comprehensive agronomic traits were outstanding,they were used as parent mate-rials in the wheat planting fields of Huanghe and Huaihe Rivers for wheat genetic improvement.