水分胁迫下玉米杂交种光合抗旱指数与抗旱性评价研究

Research on Index of Photosynthetic Drought Resistance and Drought Resistance Evaluation of Hybrid Maize under Different Water Stress

通过筛选抗旱玉米品种和抗旱评价指标,进而对其进行生理生化研究,最终实现干旱半干旱地区玉米抗旱节水,是研究玉米高产高效的重要课题。采用盆栽试验方法,选用辽宁省近几年最新选育的12个玉米杂交种,在水分胁迫条件下,对苗期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期玉米形态和光合生理等性状特征进行了研究和分析,找出了不同时期水分胁迫下光合抗旱指数与产量抗旱指数的相关性,筛选出了抗旱性较强的玉米品种。结果如下:苗期水分胁迫缩短了58%供试品种抽雄至散粉期时间,延长了83%供试品种的ASI,而铁研120在水分胁迫处理后ASI比对照短,且和其他品种相比,该品种苗期叶片叶绿素含量较高。相关分析表明,灌浆期水分胁迫处理,光合抗旱指数与产量均呈正相关关系,其中,蒸腾速率抗旱指数与产量抗旱指数相关性较强。不同水分胁迫时期的产量抗旱等级划分结果显示,铁研120和铁研58综合抗旱性较强,在苗期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期受到水分胁迫,在籽粒成熟期均能获得较高产量。

Screening of drought resistant maize cultivars and drought resistance index,then,study on the physiological and biochemical of that,realize drought resistance and water saving of maize in arid and semi arid region finally is an important subject in high yield and efficiency of maize.Pot experiment was used to study in this paper,which selected the newly released cultivars of Liaoning province in recent years,morphological and photosynthesis physiological characteristics of maize were studied and analyzed under water stress at seedling stage,tasseling-silking and seed filling stage.The study found out the relationship of indexes of drought resistance between photosynthesis and yield.In the meantime,stronger drought resistance maize cultivars were also screened out.The results are as follows：heading to flowering period time of 58% cultivars was shortened by water stress at seedling stage.ASI of83% cultivars was prolonged.However,ASI of Tieyan 120 was shorter than that of control.Compared with other cultivars,chlorophyll content of Tieyan 120 was higher than that of other cultivars at seedling stage.The correlation analysis showed that drought resistance index of photosynthesis was positively correlated to yield drought resistance index at grain filling water stress stage,drought resistance index of the transpiration rate and yield had a stronger correlation.Classification of yield drought resistance at different water stress period showed that Tieyan 120 and Tieyan 58 had an integrated stronger drought resistance.They can got a higher yield at seed maturity stage,whetherencountered water stress at the seedling stage,tasseling-silking or filling stage.