矮秆糯小麦株高及各节间长度与产量性状遗传研究

Genetic Studies on Plant Height,Every Internode Length and Yield Characters in Dwarf Waxy Wheat

为了深入了解矮秆糯小麦材料的遗传规律,以4个矮秆糯小麦材料为母本,5个高产小麦为父本,采用不完全双列杂交设计,对小麦13个农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明:13个农艺性状的表现都是由加性和非加性基因共同决定的。13个性状遗传力均较高,除倒3节间长、倒4节间长、倒5节间长、退化小穗和千粒质量5个性状外,其余性状主要由加性基因决定。除结实小穗外,其余各性状的GCV均较大,表明对其选择和改良的潜力较大。株高及各节间长与各产量农艺性状一般配合力间存在不同程度的依存关系。指出小麦高产育种应注意协调好穗下节长与株高之间的关系,各节间长度与单株穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量的关系,从而实现糯小麦高产稳产的育种目标。

In order to study the genetic rule of the new dwarf waxy wheat,using four dwarf waxy wheats for female parent and five high yield wheats for male parent,which was designed for the incomplete diallel cross.The genetic behaviors of 13 stem and spike characters were studied.The result indicated that the heritability of the 13 traits was high.These traits were controlled by both additive and non additive gene.Except upper the third internode length,the fourth internode length,the fifth internode length,degradation spikelet and 1 000-kernel weight,other traits were mainly controlled by additive genes.The genetic coefficient of variance（GCV） of the other traits were high except spikelet number,implicated that there was great genetic potential in selecting and improving these traits.The correlativity between the plant height,every internode length and spike traits had close connection,indicated that the high yield breeding in waxy wheat must correspond the relation between the uppermost internode and plant height,every internode length with grain number per-spike,1 000-kernel weight.