氮肥用量对糯小麦和普通小麦干物质积累和产量影响的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Effect of Nitrogen Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation and Grain Yield Between Waxy and Common Wheat

为研究糯小麦和普通小麦植株生长发育和籽粒产量对氮素水平响应的差异,在大田条件下,以糯50222和轮选987为试验材料,设计3个氮肥处理（0,100,200 kg/hm2）,结果表明：糯50222植株的分蘖力和成穗率均低于轮选987,最终表现为单位面积穗数明显低于后者;但糯50222的穗粒数明显高于轮选987。2个品种籽粒干物质积累均呈＂S＂型变化,灌浆速率呈单峰曲线变化,且糯50222的灌浆速率小于轮选987,导致其千粒质量低于轮选987。增施氮肥后,糯50222的分蘖增多,成穗率增大,穗数增加;而轮选987的穗数也增多,但是分蘖成穗率表现为先增后降的趋势。增施氮肥促进了糯50222植株茎、叶和鞘部干物质向籽粒的转移,而轮选987呈相反趋势,但两品种的千粒质量均呈下降趋势。施氮在0~200 kg/hm2内,与轮选987小麦产量出现了先增后降的趋势不同,农大糯50222小麦产量随着施氮量的增加而提高。

Field experiment was conducted to study the response of wheat plant growth and development and grain yield of LX987 and N50222 to nitrogen（N） rate.Three treatments were designed with N of 0,100,200 kg / ha,respectively.The results indicated that the ability for tillering and percentage of earbearing tiller of N50222 were inferior to LX987,which caused spike number of unit area of N50222 was lower than LX987;But grain number per spike of N50222 was significantly higher than LX987.The accumulation of dry matter in grain of two varieties all showed ＂ S＂ type,the grain filling rate showed unimodal curve,and the filling rate of N50222 was less than LX987 which results in 1 000-grain weight was lower than LX987.The tillering,earbering tiller percentage and the spike number of N50222 increased with increasing of N;the spike number of LX987 was also increased,and earbering tiller percentage showed a tendency of up then down.Increasing N fertilizer promoted the transfer of dry matter of N50222 from plant stem,leaf and sheath to the kernel,which was different with LX987,the 1 000-grain weight of N50222 and LX987 all showed a tendency of falling.In a range of 0-200 kg / ha,the yield of N50222 was advanced with increasing of N,but the yield of LX987 showed a tendency of up then down.