早期干预对油田噪声作业人员听力损伤的影响

Influence of early intervention on hearing loss of noise exposed workers in oilfield

目的了解新疆某油田噪声作业人员听力损伤状况,研究噪声性听力损伤早期干预效果。方法以某油田2009年1月—2011年12月年在岗噪声作业人员的职业健康监护资料为依据对听力损伤状况进行回顾性调查,以此为依据制定早期干预措施;采取早期干预措施后以整群抽样的方法对2012、2013年在岗噪声作业人员的听力损伤状况进行调查,对早期干预前后所得资料进行纵向调查分析。结果对2009—2011年2 582人次噪声作业人员调查后显示听力损伤检出率逐年增加,经趋势χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2011、2012、2013三年检出听力损伤1 059人,早期干预1 010人,早期调离89人,早期治疗120人,治疗有效率为56.7%;早期干预后听力损伤检出率逐年下降,语频听力损伤检出率2013年降为零,经趋势χ2检验,近3年听力损伤检出率间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论噪声所致听力损伤可控,噪声所致职业病可防。

[Objective]To understand the status of hearing loss of noise exposed workers in an oilfield of Xinjiang,study the effect of early intervention on noise-induced hearing loss. [Methods]A retrospective investigation on hearing loss was conducted on the basis of the occupational health surveillance data of noise exposed workers in an oilfield from January 2009 to December 2011,to develop the early intervention measures. After taking early interventions,noise exposed workers were collected by the cluster sampling in 2012 and 2013 to investigate the hearing loss status,and the longitudinal investigation and analysis were performed on data before and after early interventions.[Results]A total of 2 582 noise exposed workers were investigated during 2009-2011,the detection rate of hearing loss increased gradually,and trend chi-square test indicated that the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. The hearing loss was found in 1 059 workers in 2011,2012 and 2013. 1010 workers received the early interventions,89 workers were transferred to another post,and 120 were given the early treatment,with the treatment effective rate of 56.7%. The detection rate of hearing loss decreased year by year after early interventions,and the detection rate of speech frequency hearing loss dropped to 0 in 2013. The trend chi-square test indicated that the difference in annual detection rate of hearing loss was statistically significant among three years（P〈0.01）. [Conclusion]The noise-induced hearing loss can be controlled,and the noise-induced occupational disease can be prevented.